Unit 3A B C D

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Unit 3. THE HUMAN BODY. 3 A- HUMAN NUTRITION.

3 B- RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

3C- CIRCULATORY SYSTEM.

3D- EXCRETORY SYSTEM.

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Unit 3 A : Human Nutrition.INDEX

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1. New words.

Breaking down-romper/deshacer.

Break up-partir.

Slippery-resbaladiza.

To swallow-tragar. Small intestine-intestino delgado.

Large intestine- intestino grueso.

Gall bladder- vesícula biliar.

Bile- bilis

Bolus of food- bolo alimenticio.

Pharynx-faringe.

Chyme- quimo

Chyle- quilo

Unit 3(a): Human body.

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1. New words.

Salivary glands –glándulas

salivares. Liver-hígado.

Juices- jugos.

Takes place- tiene lugar.

Pancreas- pancreas. Plenty- mucho.

Gastric juices- jugos gástricos.


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- Definition of Nutrition. Nutrition consits of

extracting nutrients andoxygen, distributingthem around the bodyand excreting theresidues.


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1.

The Nutrition processes. Digestion. Consists of breaking down

food into simpler substances until weobtain energy.

Breathing. we obtain the oxygen fromthe air.Our cells need to work andexcrete the carbon dioxide that weproduce as a residue.


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1.

Circulation. Consists of transporting

nutrients, oxygen and residues aroundthe body.

Excretion. Is the expulsion of the

residues.


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1.

The

Nutritionsystems.


THE DIGESTIVESYSTEM

THECIRCULATORY

SYSTEM

THEEXCRETORY

SYSTEM

THERESPIRATORY

SYSTEM

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NUTRITION SYSTEMS:

The Digestive system

The Respiratory system

The Circulatory system

The

Excretorysystem

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DIGESTION It consists in breaking down food into simpler

substances until we obtain the nutrients.

It includes: The digestive tract

The digestive glands.

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The digestive tract includes:Mouth

Pharynx

Oesophagus (foodpipe)

Stomach

Small Intestine

Large IntestineThe digestive glands are:

Salivary glands

Gall bladderLiver

Pancreas

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:

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Mouth

It breaks up food andmakes it slippery so it is

easy to swallow.

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Mouth

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PharynxIt is the passage to the

stomach and lungs.

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Pharynx

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Oesophagus

(gullet)(foodpipe)

the tube that connects yourmouth and your stomach

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Stomach A stretchy bag that

helps to break food into smaller

pieces so your body can use it forenergy and nutrition.

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Stomach

Oesophagus

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Small IntestineTube that is 20 feet long.

It absorbs digested food into the blood.

Food stays in your small intestine for 4to 8 hours

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SmallIntestine

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Large IntestineTube that is 5 feet long.

Gets waste from small intestine.

Waste stays for 10 to 12 hours

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Large Intestine

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Gall Bladder Storage tank for bile (a greenish-yellow liquid) thathelps your body break down and use fats.

Located under your liver.

Shaped like a pear.

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GallBladder

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Liver Factory for antibodies and bile.

Stores vitamins and sugars until your body needsthem.

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Liver

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PancreasIt makeschemicals to

digest all kindsof food.

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SummaryFunctions

Digests food

Absorbs nutrients forthe body

Components

Mouth

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Pancreas

Liver

Gall Bladder

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Four Stages of Digestion Ingesting

Digesting

Absorbing Eliminating

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Stage 1:Digestion in the mouth

and oesophagus

The teeth cut the food.The salivary glandsproduce saliva. The

tongue mixes the saliva with the food andforms a bolus of food.

This passes down thepharynx and theoesophagus.

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Esophagus: as food passesthrough the pharynx, theepiglottis covers the airwaytube.

The food moves on to theesophagus.

The esophagus is a tube thatconnects the pharynx and thestomach.

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The esophagus is longand muscular

The bolus is pushedthrough the esophagusin a process calledperistalsis.

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Stage 2: Digestion in the Stomach

The stomach producessubstances called gastric

juices.

When these juices mix with thebolus of food, they form apartially digested food pastecalled chyme.

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Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

The pancreas producespancreatic juices.

The liver produces bile.

The intestine produces

intestinal juices.

These juices and themovements of the small

intestine form chyle whichcontains the nutrients.

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Stage 3: Digestion in the Small Intestine

ABSORPTION:

The walls of the intestinecontain veins andcapillaries which absorbthe nutrients.

They are transportedthrough the circulatorysystem all around the bodyin the blood.

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Stage 4: Digestion in the Large Intestine

In the large intestine, water is extracted from theresidues which formfaeces.

These are excretedthrough the anus.

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Activities:

3.1 page 23 – Chyme isformed in the sotmach.

Faeces are formed inthe large intestine.

Capillaries absorb thenutrients in the smallintestine.

Food is masticated in

the mouth.

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Activities:

Digestive glands are:

Salivary glands, liver,gall bladder, pancreas.

Parts of digestive tract:

Mouth, tongue,

pharynx,oesophagus,small intestine, largeintestine.

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Digestion Summary

ORGANS FUNCTION FOODTRANSFORMATION

MOUTH with teeth,

tongue and salivary

glands.

Cuts the food and

produces

SALIVA

BOLUS

PHARYNX AND

OESOPHAGUS

Move the food with

movements calledPERISTALSIS

BOLUS

STOMACH Produces

GASTRIC JUICES

CHYME

SMALL INTESTINE

withLiver, Gall bladder

and

Pancreas

Produces

INTESTINAL JUICESAND BILE

and absorbs

NUTRIENTS

CHYLE

LARGE INTESTINE Excrete

RESIDUES

FAECES

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Healthy HabitsEat food that is

high in fiber

like fruits and vegetables

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Drink plenty of water

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Chew your food completelybefore you swallow

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Interesting FactsFood is in your digestive system

for about 24 hours

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Your stomach stretches when

you eat like a balloon beingfilled with air

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You have a trap door called theepiglottis to cover your windpipe

when you swallow.

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Your stomach mashes your food

the way a baker kneads dough forbread.

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SummaryHealthy Habits

Eat high fiber foodsDrink lots of water

Chew food well Avoid high-fat foods

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3b- The Respiratory System.

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3b- The Respiratory System.Index.

1.New words

2.Breathing and parts of the respiratorysystem.

3.Phases of breathing.

4.Activities.

5.Experiment.

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1. New words.

Unit 3(b): Human body.

Airways- vías respiratorias.Nassal passages- fosas nasales.Pharynx- faringe.Larynx- laringe.Trachea- traquea.Bronchus /bronqui- bronquios.Bronquiole/bronquioles- bronquiolos

Alveolus/alveoli- alveolos.

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1. New words.

Lungs–

pulmones. Diaphragm-diafragma.

Inhalation- inalación Exhalation- exhalar It warms-calienta

It moisteus- humedece It filters- filtra Inhaled-inhalado


(b) b d

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1. New words.

Vocal cords- cuerdas vocales. It reaches- alcanza.

Network- red. Branches- ramas. Exchanged- intercambio.

Increase- aumentar. Relaxes- relajar. Keep- mantener.


(b) b d

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2. Breathing and parts of the

respiratory system.

-By breathing we obtain theoxygen our cells need to workand excrete the carbondioxide our cells produce as aresidue.


i 3(b) b d

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-The airways- the nassal passages, the

pharynx, the larynx, the trachea, thebronchi, the bronchioles and thealveoli.

The lungs- are separated from the

abdomen by the diaphragm.

PARTS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM.

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U i 3(b) H b d

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The air enters into the nasal passages andcontinues down the alveoli.

The diaphragm contracts.The volume of lungs increases.The oxygen passes into the blood, which

distributes around the body.The carbon dioxide in the blood passes to

the alveoli.

3.1 Inhalation.

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The diaphragm relaxes and the

lungs get smaller.The air full of carbon dioxide is

expelled through the airways.

3.2. Exhalation.

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Page 27 (3)

Page 27 (1 and 2)

4. Activities.

i ( ) h i l

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Unit 3(c): The circulatory

system.

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U it 3(b) H b d

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2-º The Circuylatory system.Unit 3(b): Human body.

The circulatory system.

CIRCULATION consists oftransporting nutrients, oxygen

and residuesaround the body

Unit 3(b) H man bod

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3. The Circulatory system.Unit 3(b): Human body.

The circulatory System

consists of:

•Blood vessels

•Blood

• Heart

Unit 3(b) Human body

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1. The Circuylatory system.Unit 3(b): Human body.

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BLOOD VESSELS

Blood vessels arethe conducts

through whichthe bloodcirculates,

pushed by theheart.

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THERE ARE THREE TYPES

VEINS are thinner than arteries

ARTERIES are the thickest

CAPILLARIES are the thinnest

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Veins are blue

because theyare carrying thedarker blood without oxygenback to heart.

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Arteries haveoxygenated bloodthat is bright redcolour.

The oxygen and CO2 are exchanged…in the

Gas Exchange Occurs,

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2

cells

Oxygen Rich

Oxygen Rich

Oxygen Poor

Oxygen Poor

Tissue

Gas Exchange Occurs,

Now lets go back to the heart!!!

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The first person to describe circulation as we knowit today was Dr. William Harvey

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THE HEARTThe heart

is a holloworgan

made ofmuscle.

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It is divided into two unconnected

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parts the right and left.Each part is also divided into two:• The upper part is THE ATRIUM• The lower part is THE VENTRICLE

• The atrium and the ventricle are connectedby a valve.

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The blood.In anadult´s bodythere areabout five

litres ofblood.

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Blood is a thick, red liquid composed of:

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Whole Blood Sample

Red blood cells

White bloodcells

Platelets

Plasma

Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample ThatHas Been Centrifuged

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Plasma is water with different

substancesdissolved in it.

It transports thenutrients and theresidues.

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There are three types:

RED BLOOD CELLS: give

blood its colour andtransport oxygen and carbon

dioxide.

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WHITE BLOOD CELLS:protect us and defend us from

infections.

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PLATELETS:

block our

wounds so wedo not lose

too much

blood.

Break inCapillary Wall

Clumping ofPlatelets

Clot Forms

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*Blood transports nutrients and oxygento the cells and take away the residues to

where they are eliminated.

*It also defends our body frominfections.

h l

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Your Heart: The Vital Pump

At REST, the heart pumps at 70beats a minute. It is usually

faster in children.During exercise it may increaseto double the resting rate.

Also emotions and illnessesmay cause the heart to beatfaster.

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In certain places, at the wrists, in the neck on thetemples, arteries are near the surface and cen be felt

easily.Doctors take the pulses to know the regularity of the

heart.

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It is the pressure of blood in the arterieswhich can be too high or to low in some

diseases. A normal blood pressure is 120/80

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Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion

Four Types

A

B AB

O

Inherited from your parents

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Blood Transfusions

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Blood Typeof Donor

A

B

AB

O

Blood Type of Recipient

A B AB O

Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

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LUNGS

The CirculatorySystem

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The CirculatorySystem

Healthy habits

Current PREVENTION

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Current PREVENTION

Recommendations

Regularexercise

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Weight control

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Well balanced diet

D t t t h

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Do not eat too much

junk foodIt contains cholesterol,a fat that collects in ourblood vessels andblocks them.

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Do not smoke

Summary

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SummaryHealthy Habits

Regular exercise Weight control Well balanced dietDo not eat too much junk food Do not smoke

Documents

Unit 3A B C D