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Dr. S. S. SolankeyAssistant Professor-cum-Jr. Scientist
Department of Horticulture (Vegetable & Floriculture),Bihar Agricultural University, Sabour (Bhagalpur) – 813 210,
Bihar E-mail: [email protected]
Leafy Vegetables(Amaranthus, Spinach, Basella, Bathua)
Storehouse of minerals and vitamins. Considered as corner stone of health care system due to
presence of useful phyto-chemicals. Antioxidant properties. Excellent source of vitamin A,B,C, riboflavin, nicotinic acid
and folic acid like Curry leaf, Palak, Amaranthus, Basella and Bathua.
Amaranthus• B.N.- Amaranthus spp.• 2n = 32 (2X), 34 (2X), 64
(4X)• C.N.- Chinese spinach,
Thotakura (Telgu).• Origin-India• Distribution- South East
Asia• W. Africa & E. Africa are
secondary centre of diversity (Grubben,1977).
2n = 342n = 34
Cont.• A.tricolor cultivated in S. India• A. dubius (2n = 4X = 64), A. tristis are common leafy
vegetable.• A.hypochondriacus is grain type.• A.spinosus, A.viridis, A.graecizans are weedy species widely
available on road sides.Composition and uses Good source of Vit. A, Vit. B6, Ca, Fe, Mg, P, K, Zn, Cu, Mn. Leaves & Succulent stem contains 305gm/100g Fe,
397mg/100gm Ca, 8340 µgm/100gm Vit. A and 99mg/100g Vit. C.
Botanical Description
• Annual herbs• Monoecious, Dioecious, glabrous and pubescent.• Stem- errect, ascending, decumbent prostate
and usually branched.• Leaves- simple, alternate, estipulate obovate to
lanceolate with acute tips.• Bracts- ovate, lanceolate, linear, subulate,
dentate or broadly triangular.
Cultivar
• Badi chaulai, Pusa Kirti, Pusa Lal Chaulai, CO-2
(A. tricolor)
• CO-1 (A. dubius).
• CO-3 (A. tristis).
Disease & Pests
• Leaf spot caused by cercospora and alternaria.Symptom Spots are small, roundish with concentric rings
in initial stage.Control Spray Bordeaux mixture (5:5:50) or 0.3%
blitox 3 times at interval of 15days.
Cont.
• White Rust- Albugo blitiSymptoma)White blister like circular or irregular pustules
on lower surface of leaf.b)Yellow patch develops on upper surface.ControlSpray Dithane M-45 or any Cu fungicide@1kg /500 ltr of water.
Cont.
Pest : Leaf webber catterpillarControl :• Spray Acephate @1.5-2g/ltr of water.
Disease and Pests
• Bacterial Soft rot: Erwinia carotovora Holland. Symptoms: Rotting in packed leaves due to
lack of aeration.Pests - Aphids, leaf eating catterpillars.
Basella
• B.N. – Basella alba & Basella rubra
• Common name – Poi, Malabar nightshade, Indian Spinach
• Family- Basellaceae• 2n = 24 (2X)• Origin- Tropical Asia• Grown in tropics as perennial
and in warmer temperate region as annuals.
Basella alba vs. Basella rubraBasella alba Basella rubra
Green vines Purplish vinesThin leaves Thick fleshy leavesHeart shaped leaves Oval to round shaped leavesWhite flowered form Purple flowered
Cont.
• Bailey (1973) forms of Basella are :
B. coninifolia, B. cordifolia – heart shaped
leaves, 9 - 12 cm long and 5 - 6 cm wide.
B. arassifolia, B. japonica, B. lucida – Indian
form.
B. nigra – chinese form
B. ramose & B. volubilis.
Composition and uses
• Rich source of Vit. A, Vit. C,iron and Calcium.
• Low in calories by volume but high in protein per
calorie.
• Rich source of soluble fibre and chlorophyll.
• Grown as ornamental.
• Used as food dye to colour pastries and sweets.
Botanical desciption
• Short perennial herbs with long & slender stem.
• Leaves-Variable, broadly ovate, thick entire with cordate base.
• Flowers-white or red, pedunculate spikes.• Perianth -fleshy, segment elliptic obtuse.• Fruits-red, white/black or size of pea.
Cultivars
• Two types
A) Reddish petiole and leaves – common in W.B,
Assam & S. India.
B) Green leaves petiole and stems – common in U.P.,
Bihar & Punjab.
Disease and Pests
• Leaf spot - Cercospora, Alternaria or Colletotrichum.
• Control:a) Follow crop rotation, field sanitation ,plant
spacing and overhead irrigation.b) Spray fungicidesPests - Wooly bear caterpillar.
Chenopodium (Bathua)• B.N.- Chenopodium album• 2n = 2X = 54.• C.N. – Goosefoot,
pigweed, Fat-hen• Family- Chenopodiaceae• Native-Europe, Eastern
Asia• Distribution – Africa,
Australasia, N. America, Oceania.
• In India – Metropolitan cities.
Composition & uses
• Leaves are rich source of protein, fat and carbohydrate.
• Seeds contain carbohydrates and proteins.• Leaves and young shoots consumed as
vegetables.• Leaves are anthelmintic, anti-rheumatism,
laxative .
Botanical Description• Grows upright, Height of 10-150 cm.
• Hermaphrodite flower and pollinated by wind.
• Small flower and inflorescence are small cymes.
• The first leaves, near the base of the plant, are toothed
and roughly diamond-shaped.
• The leaves are alternate and can be varied in
appearance.
Varieties• Pusa Bathua – 1: Height – 2.25m, yield – 300q/ha.• Magenta : Leaves are magenta in colour, very good
taste.
Plant Protection
• Leaf minor .
• It is a host plant for beet leaf hopper, that transmits curly top
virus to beet crops.
Crops Climate Soil & soil pH
Propa- gation
Seed rate Sowing time
Spacing(cm.)
FertilizerN,P,K(kg/h)
Harvesting time & Yield
Amaran - thus
Warm season crop
Loose friable soil,pH-6.2-7.0
Seed 1.5-2.0 kg/ha
Summer crop-marKharif crop-july
10cm(p-p)45cm(r-r)
Fym-15-20t/hNPK@100-120/60-80/40-60 kg/h
25-30days after sowing. 60-80 qt. leaves per ha.
Spinach Cool season crop
Slightly tolerant to salinity, pH- 6-7.
Seed 35-40 kg/ha
Sept. – Oct.
30 cm(p-p)10-12cm(r-r)
Fym-20-25 t/haNPK@70-50-50 kg/h
25-30 days after sowing. 4-5 cuttings.100-150 qt. leaves per ha.
General description in leafy vegetables
Conti.. Crops Climate Soil & soil
pHPropa- gation
Seed rate
Sowing time
Spacing(cm.)
FertilizerN,P,K(kg/h)
Harvest- ing time & Yield
Basella Hot,humid climateElevation-500m
Sandy loam soil,pH-5.5-8.0
Seeds/Stem cutting
12-15 kg/ha
Northern &eastern parts - mar-may Souhtern parts - June and Oct-Nov
20-30cm (p-p)15-20cm(r-r)
Fym-20-30 t/haNPK@60-80/60-80/40-60 kg/ha
30-45days after planting150 -200 qt. leaves per ha.
Bathua Cool season crop
Sandy loam soil, pH- 6-7.
seeds 1.5-2 kg/ha
Oct-Dec(N. Indian Plains)
20cm(r-r)20cm(p-p)
Fym-10t/hNPK@60-80/60/50 kg/h
30-35days after sowing. 200-300 qt. leaves per ha.
