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Identifying WarblersOn the Upper Texas Coast
(A Seminar)
Produced for the
Houston Audubon Society
by Don by Don RichardsonRichardson
©© 20052005
Version - PreliminaryVersion - Preliminary
Special Photographsfrom Texas Photographers
Linda AlleyErik Breden
Bill DukeDwayne Litteer
Photographs are from Vireo* and Cornell
Photographers:
• Johann Schumacher• John Heidecker• John Dunning• L. Page Brown• Lang Elliott• Linda Drake• Mike Hopiak• R. & N. Bowers*• William Paff• Wilson Bloomer• Smithsonian Inst.
• Betty Cottrille• Bill Dyre• D. & M. Zimmerman*• D. & E. Phillips• Donald Waite• Doug Wechsler*• E. Endrigo*• Herbert Clark• Isidor Jaklin• J. Hoffman• Jack Murray• Jim Wedge
Migration
The American Redstart The American Redstart (see left) migrates (see left) migrates across the Gulf of across the Gulf of Mexico.Mexico.
Many warblers do just Many warblers do just that. They migrate for that. They migrate for very good reasons. very good reasons. Some of them might Some of them might surprise you.surprise you.
The Genus Protonotaria
The one species in the genus The one species in the genus ProtonotariaProtonotaria is is a regular migrant and breeder on the Upper a regular migrant and breeder on the Upper Texas Coast.Texas Coast.
Prothonotary WarblerProthonotary Warbler
This one This one ProtonotariaProtonotaria genus member is genus member is noted for its bright color, a large bill, a short noted for its bright color, a large bill, a short tail and the unusual habit (for a warbler) of tail and the unusual habit (for a warbler) of nesting in a cavity.nesting in a cavity.
Prothonotary WarblerProthonotary Warbler
Protonotaria citreaProtonotaria citrea
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Prothonotary WarblerProthonotary Warbler Protonotaria citreaProtonotaria citrea
The Genus VermivoraWe’ll discuss six species in the genus We’ll discuss six species in the genus VermivoraVermivora::
Blue-winged WarblerBlue-winged Warbler
Golden-winged WarblerGolden-winged Warbler
Brewster’s WarblerBrewster’s Warbler
Tennessee WarblerTennessee Warbler
Orange-crowned WarblerOrange-crowned Warbler
Nashville WarblerNashville Warbler
AboutVermivora Warblers
Small with sharply pointed bills.Small with sharply pointed bills.
Lack strong contrasting patterns.Lack strong contrasting patterns.
Most utilize nectar in non-breeding Most utilize nectar in non-breeding seasons.seasons.
Most nest on or near the ground.Most nest on or near the ground.
They forage in dead leaf clusters.They forage in dead leaf clusters.
Blue-winged WarblerBlue-winged Warbler
Vermivora pinusVermivora pinus
Song
© 2005 Bill Duke
Blue-winged WarblerBlue-winged Warbler
Vermivora pinusVermivora pinus
© 2005 Bill Duke
Blue-winged WarblerBlue-winged Warbler
Vermivora pinusVermivora pinus
Golden-winged WarblerGolden-winged Warbler
Vermivora chrysopteraVermivora chrysoptera
Song
Golden-winged WarblerGolden-winged Warbler
Vermivora chrysopteraVermivora chrysoptera
Brewster’s WarblerBrewster’s Warbler
Blue-winged / Golden-winged HybridBlue-winged / Golden-winged Hybrid
Tennessee WarblerTennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrinaVermivora peregrina
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Tennessee WarblerTennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrinaVermivora peregrina
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Tennessee WarblerTennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrinaVermivora peregrina
© 2005 Bill Duke© 2005 Bill Duke
Tennessee WarblerTennessee Warbler
Vermivora peregrinaVermivora peregrina
Orange-crowned WarblerOrange-crowned Warbler
Vermivora celataVermivora celata
Song
Orange-crowned WarblerOrange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celataVermivora celata
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Orange-crowned WarblerOrange-crowned Warbler Vermivora celataVermivora celata
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Nashville WarblerNashville Warbler
Vermivora ruficapillaVermivora ruficapilla
Song
Nashville WarblerNashville Warbler
Vermivora ruficapillaVermivora ruficapilla
The Genus Parula
We see just two species in the genus We see just two species in the genus ParulaParula on the Upper Texas Coast. One of them, the on the Upper Texas Coast. One of them, the Tropical Parula, is pretty rare.Tropical Parula, is pretty rare.
Northern ParulaNorthern Parula
Tropical ParulaTropical Parula
AboutParula Warblers
Small with green or black patches on the Small with green or black patches on the back.back.
Pale mandibles.Pale mandibles.
Buzzy songs.Buzzy songs.
Short tails.Short tails.
Sexual dimorphism is limited and is Sexual dimorphism is limited and is strongest in the north.strongest in the north.
Northern ParulaNorthern Parula
Parula americanaParula americana
Song
Northern ParulaNorthern Parula
Parula americanaParula americana
Tropical ParulaTropical Parula
Parula pitiayumiParula pitiayumi
Song
The Genus DendroicaOur largest genus is Our largest genus is DendroicaDendroica. We’ll look at . We’ll look at eighteen species.eighteen species.
Chestnut-sided WarblerChestnut-sided Warbler
Cape May WarblerCape May Warbler
Magnolia WarblerMagnolia Warbler
Yellow-rumped WarblerYellow-rumped Warbler
Black-throated Blue WarblerBlack-throated Blue Warbler
Cerulean WarblerCerulean Warbler
Blackburnian WarblerBlackburnian Warbler
Black-throated Gray WarblerBlack-throated Gray Warbler
Townsend’s WarblerTownsend’s Warbler
Black-throated Green WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler
Grace’s WarblerGrace’s Warbler
Yellow-throated WarblerYellow-throated Warbler
Prairie WarblerPrairie Warbler
Bay-breasted WarblerBay-breasted Warbler
Blackpoll WarblerBlackpoll Warbler
Pine WarblerPine Warbler
Palm WarblerPalm Warbler
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
AboutDendroica Warblers
Most have contrasting plumage marks Most have contrasting plumage marks (eye patterns, tail spots, wingbars, flank (eye patterns, tail spots, wingbars, flank streaks).streaks).
Sexual dimorphism is slight to strong.Sexual dimorphism is slight to strong.
Medium in size.Medium in size.
Of twenty-seven species, all but six reside Of twenty-seven species, all but six reside in North America.in North America.
Chestnut-sided WarblerChestnut-sided Warbler
Dendroica pensylvanicaDendroica pensylvanica
Song
Chestnut-sided WarblerChestnut-sided Warbler
Dendroica pensylvanicaDendroica pensylvanica
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Chestnut-sided WarblerChestnut-sided Warbler
Dendroica pensylvanicaDendroica pensylvanica
Cape May Warbler - MaleCape May Warbler - Male
Dendroica tigrinaDendroica tigrina
Song
Cape May Warbler - FemaleCape May Warbler - Female
Dendroica tigrinaDendroica tigrina
Magnolia Warbler - MaleMagnolia Warbler - Male
Dendroica magnoliaDendroica magnolia
Song Call
Magnolia Warbler - FemaleMagnolia Warbler - Female
Dendroica magnoliaDendroica magnolia
Yellow-rumped WarblerYellow-rumped Warbler
Dendroica coronataDendroica coronata
Song Song Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Black-throated Blue WarblerBlack-throated Blue Warbler
Dendroica caerulescensDendroica caerulescens
Song Call
Black-throated Blue Warbler - FemaleBlack-throated Blue Warbler - Female
Dendroica caerulescensDendroica caerulescens
Cerulean WarblerCerulean Warbler
Dendroica ceruleaDendroica cerulea
Song
Cerulean WarblerCerulean Warbler
Dendroica ceruleaDendroica cerulea
Blackburnian WarblerBlackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fuscaDendroica fusca
Song
© 2005 Bill Duke
Blackburnian WarblerBlackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fuscaDendroica fusca© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Blackburnian Blackburnian WarblerWarbler
Dendroica fuscaDendroica fusca
© 2005 Bill Duke
Blackburnian WarblerBlackburnian Warbler
Dendroica fuscaDendroica fusca
Song
Black-throated Gray WarblerBlack-throated Gray Warbler
Dendroica negrescensDendroica negrescens
Song
Townsend’s WarblerTownsend’s Warbler
Dendroica townsendiDendroica townsendi
Song
Black-throated Green WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler
Dendroica virensDendroica virens
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Black-throated Green WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler Dendroica virensDendroica virens
© © 2005 Linda Alley2005 Linda Alley
Black-throated Green WarblerBlack-throated Green Warbler
Dendroica virensDendroica virens
Yellow-throated WarblerYellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica dominicaDendroica dominica
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Yellow-throated WarblerYellow-throated Warbler
Dendroica dominicaDendroica dominica
Prairie WarblerPrairie Warbler
Dendroica discolorDendroica discolor
Song
Bay-breasted WarblerBay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica castaneaDendroica castanea
Song
Bay-breasted WarblerBay-breasted Warbler
Dendroica castaneaDendroica castanea
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Blackpoll WarblerBlackpoll Warbler
Dendroica striataDendroica striata
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Blackpoll WarblerBlackpoll Warbler
Dendroica striataDendroica striata
Blackpoll WarblerBlackpoll Warbler
Dendroica striataDendroica striata
Pine WarblerPine Warbler
Dendroica pinusDendroica pinus
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Pine WarblerPine Warbler
Dendroica pinusDendroica pinus
Pine WarblerPine Warbler
Dendroica pinusDendroica pinus
Palm WarblerPalm Warbler
Dendroica palmarumDendroica palmarum
Song
Palm WarblerPalm Warbler
Dendroica palmarumDendroica palmarum
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
Dendroica petechiaDendroica petechia
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
Dendroica petechiaDendroica petechia
© 2005 Dwayne Litteer© 2005 Dwayne Litteer
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
Dendroica petechiaDendroica petechia
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
Dendroica petechiaDendroica petechia
©© 22000055 LLiinnddaa AAlllleeyy
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Yellow WarblerYellow Warbler
Dendroica petechiaDendroica petechia
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
The Genus Mniotilta
The only species in the genus The only species in the genus MniotiltaMniotilta on on the Upper Texas Coast is the Black-and-white the Upper Texas Coast is the Black-and-white Warbler. It’s easy to identify.Warbler. It’s easy to identify.
Black-and-white WarblerBlack-and-white Warbler
AboutMniotilta Warblers
Medium sized.Medium sized.
Feed by crawling along branches and Feed by crawling along branches and trunks in search of insects.trunks in search of insects.
Black-and-white WarblerBlack-and-white Warbler
Mniotilta variaMniotilta varia
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Black-and-white WarblerBlack-and-white Warbler
Mniotilta variaMniotilta varia
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Black-and-white WarblerBlack-and-white Warbler
Mniotilta variaMniotilta varia
© 2005 Bill Duke
The Genus Oporornis
The genus The genus oporornisoporornis contains four species contains four species seen on the Upper Texas Coast but some are seen on the Upper Texas Coast but some are pretty rare.pretty rare.
Mourning WarblerMourning Warbler
MacGillivray’s WarblerMacGillivray’s Warbler
Connecticut WarblerConnecticut Warbler
Kentucky WarblerKentucky Warbler
AboutOporornis Warblers
Medium-large in size.Medium-large in size.
Feed on or near the ground.Feed on or near the ground.
Olive above and yellow below.Olive above and yellow below.
Age and sex differences are moderate.Age and sex differences are moderate.
Chanting songs.Chanting songs.
Mourning WarblerMourning Warbler
Oporornis philadelphiaOporornis philadelphia
Song
Mourning WarblerMourning Warbler
Oporornis philadelphiaOporornis philadelphia
MacGillivray’s WarblerMacGillivray’s Warbler
Oporornis tolmieiOporornis tolmiei
Song
MacGillivray’s WarblerMacGillivray’s Warbler
Oporornis tolmieiOporornis tolmiei
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Connecticut WarblerConnecticut Warbler
Oporornis agilisOporornis agilis
Song
Kentucky Kentucky WarblerWarbler
Oporornis Oporornis formosusformosus
Song
Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Kentucky WarblerKentucky Warbler
Oporornis formosusOporornis formosus
Song Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
The Genus Wilsonia
On the Upper Texas Coast we can see three On the Upper Texas Coast we can see three members of the genus members of the genus WilsoniaWilsonia..
Canada WarblerCanada Warbler
Wilson’s WarblerWilson’s Warbler
Hooded WarblerHooded Warbler
AboutWilsonia Warblers
Small in size.Small in size.
Green or gray above.Green or gray above.
Black markings on head or neck – Black markings on head or neck – prominent in males.prominent in males.
Have well developed rectil* bristles for fly Have well developed rectil* bristles for fly catching.catching.
Their long tail is often flicked about.Their long tail is often flicked about.
* Rectil – Fine stiff feathers, developed into a * Rectil – Fine stiff feathers, developed into a tactile “insect net” around the mouth like the tactile “insect net” around the mouth like the nightjars.nightjars.
Canada WarblerCanada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensisWilsonia canadensis
Song
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Canada WarblerCanada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensisWilsonia canadensis
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Canada WarblerCanada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensisWilsonia canadensis
Canada WarblerCanada Warbler
Wilsonia canadensisWilsonia canadensis
Wilson’s WarblerWilson’s Warbler
Wilsonia pusillaWilsonia pusilla
Song Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Wilson’s WarblerWilson’s Warbler
Wilsonia pusillaWilsonia pusilla
Song Call
Wilson’s WarblerWilson’s Warbler
Wilsonia pusillaWilsonia pusilla
Hooded WarblerHooded Warbler
Wilsonia citrinaWilsonia citrina
Song
Hooded WarblerHooded Warbler
Wilsonia citrinaWilsonia citrina
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Hooded WarblerHooded Warbler
Wilsonia citrinaWilsonia citrina
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
The Genera Helmitheros and Limnothlypis
These genera contain just one species each These genera contain just one species each and are listed respectively.and are listed respectively.
Worm-eating WarblerWorm-eating Warbler
Swainson’s WarblerSwainson’s Warbler
About Helmitheros1 and Limnothlypis2 Warblers
1 -1 -
Spike bill and short tail with bold head Spike bill and short tail with bold head stripes. stripes.
Feeds low in dead leaves.Feeds low in dead leaves.
2 -2 -
One large terrestrial species.One large terrestrial species.
Feeds on the ground, flipping dead leaves.Feeds on the ground, flipping dead leaves.
Worm-eating WarblerWorm-eating Warbler
Helmitheros vermivorusHelmitheros vermivorus
Song
Call
Worm-eating WarblerWorm-eating Warbler
Helmitheros vermivorusHelmitheros vermivorus
Worm-eating WarblerWorm-eating Warbler
Helmitheros vermivorusHelmitheros vermivorus
© 2005 Bill Duke
Swainson’s WarblerSwainson’s Warbler
Limnothlypis swainsoniiLimnothlypis swainsonii
Song
© 2005 Erik Breden© 2005 Erik Breden
Swainson’s WarblerSwainson’s Warbler
Limnothlypis swainsoniiLimnothlypis swainsonii
The Genus Seiurus
The three species in the genus The three species in the genus SeiurusSeiurus are are all ground feeders.all ground feeders.
OvenbirdOvenbird
Louisiana WaterthrushLouisiana Waterthrush
Northern WaterthrushNorthern Waterthrush
AboutSeiurus Warblers
Large, walking, terrestrial species.Large, walking, terrestrial species.
Brown or olive upperparts.Brown or olive upperparts.
Streaked or spotted underparts.Streaked or spotted underparts.
Strong supercilium.Strong supercilium.
Tail bobbing behavior.Tail bobbing behavior.
OvenbirdOvenbird
Seiurus aurocapillusSeiurus aurocapillus
Song
Louisiana WaterthrushLouisiana Waterthrush
Seiurus motacillaSeiurus motacilla
Song Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Louisiana WaterthrushLouisiana Waterthrush
Seiurus motacillaSeiurus motacilla
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Northern WaterthrushNorthern Waterthrush
Seiurus noveboracensisSeiurus noveboracensis
Song Call
The Genus Geothlypis
There is but one species in the genus There is but one species in the genus GeothlypisGeothlypis in North America.in North America.
Common YellowthroatCommon Yellowthroat
AboutGeothlypis Warblers
Large, skulking, and wren-like.Large, skulking, and wren-like.
Prefers the marsh or dense brush.Prefers the marsh or dense brush.
Generally olive above, yellow below, Generally olive above, yellow below, males have a black mask.males have a black mask.
Common YellowthroatCommon Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichasGeothlypis trichas
Song Song Call
Common YellowthroatCommon Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichasGeothlypis trichas
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Common YellowthroatCommon Yellowthroat
Geothlypis trichasGeothlypis trichas
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Common Yellowthroat ♀Common Yellowthroat ♀
Geothlypis trichasGeothlypis trichas
© 2005 Bill Duke© 2005 Bill Duke
The Genus Icteria
The only species in the genus The only species in the genus IcteriaIcteria is well is well named. It is truly the champion “loudmouth” named. It is truly the champion “loudmouth” of all the warblers.of all the warblers.
Yellow-breasted ChatYellow-breasted Chat
AboutIcteria Warblers
One very large warbler.One very large warbler.
Exceptionally thick bill.Exceptionally thick bill.
Long tail.Long tail.
Harsh, un-warbler-like voice.Harsh, un-warbler-like voice.
Aurally loud but visually secretive.Aurally loud but visually secretive.
Yellow-breasted ChatYellow-breasted Chat
Icteria virensIcteria virens
Song Call
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
Yellow-breasted ChatYellow-breasted Chat
Icteria virensIcteria virens
The Genus Setophaga
The only species in the genus The only species in the genus SetophagaSetophaga is a is a regular migrant on the Upper Texas Coast.regular migrant on the Upper Texas Coast.
American RedstartAmerican Redstart
AboutSetophaga Warblers
Strong sexual dimorphism.Strong sexual dimorphism.
Adult plumage reached in the second Adult plumage reached in the second year.year.
Wing and tail spots are fanned regularly.Wing and tail spots are fanned regularly.
American RedstartAmerican Redstart
Setophaga ruticillaSetophaga ruticilla
© 2005 Bill Duke© 2005 Bill Duke
Song Call
American RedstartAmerican Redstart
Setophaga ruticillaSetophaga ruticilla
© 2005 Linda Alley© 2005 Linda Alley
American RedstartAmerican Redstart
Setophaga ruticillaSetophaga ruticilla
Houston Audubon SocietyWe are one of the largest and most active chapters We are one of the largest and most active chapters of the National Audubon Society. Houston Audubon of the National Audubon Society. Houston Audubon
is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization and is is a nonprofit 501(c)(3) organization and is supported by member dues and donations from supported by member dues and donations from individuals, foundations and corporations. We individuals, foundations and corporations. We receive limited funding from National Audubon receive limited funding from National Audubon
Society and no funds from the city or state Society and no funds from the city or state government. Contributions made to us remain in our government. Contributions made to us remain in our
13-county area and support our activities. Our 13-county area and support our activities. Our mission is to "promote the conservation and mission is to "promote the conservation and appreciation of birds and wildlife habitat."appreciation of birds and wildlife habitat."
Houston Audubon Houston Audubon SanctuariesSanctuaries
include over 3000 include over 3000 acres of varied acres of varied habitat including habitat including the internationally the internationally famous High Island famous High Island and Bolivar Flats and Bolivar Flats Sanctuaries.Sanctuaries.
The author of this program hopes you will help the Houston Audubon Society continue to maintain
these sanctuaries and to obtain new ones. Please send a contribution to them.
Houston Audubon SocietyHouston Audubon Society
440 Wilchester Blvd.440 Wilchester Blvd.Houston, Texas 77079Houston, Texas 77079
Thank you from the authorThank you from the authorDon RichardsonDon Richardson