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Information System
Tourism Organization
BASIC CONDITIONS
TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS ARE CONFRONTED WITH A VAST FIELD OF COMPLEX AIMS, REQUIRING DIFFERENT PLANS OF ACTION.
THE SPECIAL WORKING REQUIREMENTS OF THE SERVICES SECTOR ARE A RESULT OF ITS BUSINESS PECULIARITIES.
PROBLEMS IN STRATEGIC, AND OPERATIONAL PLANNING, ARE CHARACTERIZED BY THEIR COMPLEXITY (INTERMINGLED, NON-TRANSPARENT, INDIVIDUALISTICALLY DYNAMIC AND REQUIRING THE ACHIEVEMENT OF MULTIPLE GOALS).
THE VAST AMOUNT OF INFORMATION CAN PRESENT AN INSURMOUNTABLE PROBLEM FOR HUMAN RESOURCES.
HIGH EXPECTATIONS OF DECISION-MAKERS’ TROUBLE-SHOOTING ABILITIES.
THE USE OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
IN ORDER TO SOLVE COMPLEX PROBLEMS, DECISION-MAKERS NEED TO HAVE A:• FACTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF THE INDUSTRY (DECLARATIVE
KNOWLEDGE), AND • THE METHODOLOGY USED (PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE).
THE WEALTH OF KNOWLEDGE IS DRAWN FROM TWO POOLS:• FROM THE “STORAGE” OF ALREADY EXISTING
EXPERIENCES, AND • BY GENERATING KNOWLEDGE IN THE RESPECTIVE FIELD.
COMBINING THESE TWO POOLS CREATES AN ARENA FOR PROBLEM SOLVING.
ORGANIZATION OF INFORMATION
INFORMATION ON MARKETS AND ENVIRONMENT,
INFORMATION ON CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR,
INFORMATION ON COMPETITION IN THE INDUSTRY, AND
INTERNAL INFORMATION FOR EXECUTIVE BOARDS.
CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE TOURISM
INFORMATION SYSTEMS
1. EACH CHANNEL IN THE SYSTEM HAS ITS OWN FUNCTION.
2. ALL THE INFORMATION CHANNELS USED IN THE SYSTEM RELATE TO EACH OTHER.
3. ALL CHANNELS USED IN THE SYSTEM ARE INTERDEPENDENT.
SUMBER: Ellsworth & Ellsworth, 1996; Helnen, 1996.
THE WIDTH OF TOURISM INFORMATION SYSTEM
SUMBER: WTO, 2001
The Internet
National Tourism Organization
Regional Tourism Organization
Area / Local DMO
Consumer
Accommodation at Destination
SwitchIncoming Agent
Group CRS
Tour Operator
Travel Agent
GDS/CRS
Air/Rail/Bus + Car hire
TYPES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TOURISM
1. COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEM (CRS)
2. GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM (GDS)
3. DESTINATION MARKETING SYSTEM (DMS)
4. MARKETING DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEM (MDSS)
5. E-COMMERCE AND TOURISM MARKETING
6. TOURISM INFORMATION SYSTEM (TIS) MANAGEMENT
MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
ARE AN ESSENTIAL MEANS FOR:
EFFECTIVE TOURISM MARKETING, AND
IMPROVING QUALITY OF SERVICES OF TOURISM ORGANIZATIONS.
TOURISM MARKETING INFORMATION SYSTEM
COMPRISES:
1. A DATABASE CONTAINING TOURISM MARKET RESEARCH DATA (DECLARATIVE KNOWLEDGE),
2. VARIOUS PROGRAM MODULES (METHOD-BASE, PROCEDURAL KNOWLEDGE) CONVERTING ACKNOWLEDGED METHODS/MODELS INTO SIMPLE SURFACES, AND
3. VARIOUS ADMINISTRATIVE PROGRAMMES WHICH ASSIST THE MAINTENANCE OF THE DATA-BASE AND TRACK AND CONTROL THE INFORMATION SEARCH BEHAVIOUR OF USERS.
INFORMATION SYSTEM IN TOURISM MARKETING
Marketing Environmen
t
MarketsChannelsCompetitorsPoliticalLegalEconomyTechnology
Internal Report System
Marketing Models
Marketing Research System
Marketing Inteligence
SystemOperational Decisions
Data
Marketing Decisions and Communications
Informations
Control Decisions
Strategic Decisions
DRIVERS OF CRS & GDS
SUMBER: Go, 1982