UNIT GOAL:

"I want to be useful or give pleasure to people around me who yet don't really know me. I want to go on

living even after my death!"

The Diary of Anne

Frank

After World War One, Germany plunges into economic crisis and Hitler comes to power. The Jews are persecuted in Germany and the Franks decide to leave Germany for Holland.

"Because we are full blooded Jews, my father emigrated to Holland in 1933.He became managing director of the Dutch Opecta Company, which manufactures products used in making jam"

The Germans occupied Holland after the war began in 1939. All Jews were rounded up and sent to concentration camps . The Franks had a close friend in Amsterdam who manufactured jam and had a large house in the center of the city. (The house is highlighted in blue above)

Like all Dutch houses in the center of Amsterdam, the house is in terraces and very high. No one from the outside knows how far back it extends.

The Franks lived above the warehouse and at the rear of the house. As the jam factory kept working they had to be silent during the day, not able to flush the toilet for fear of arousing suspicion below.

1935

2004

Behind a bookcase is a secret staircase and several rooms for the Frank family (all 8 of them) to hide in above the jam factory warehouse.

"We have to whisper and tread lightly during the day,

otherwise the people in the warehouse might hear us"

Jam Factory

Warehouse

Secret Annex

The family relies on scraps

of food from friends and

some days have nothing

to eat. Anne wishes to go

outside and smell fresh air

but that is impossible as

the German army are

rounding up Jews and

sending them to

concentration camps to work

or be gassed to death.

•Always cautious•Crowded •All ways the risk of being caught•No bathtubs•She lost her childhood and had to grow up very quickly•Food was scarce•Constant argument •Little or no activity •Dependent on outsiders for survival

Despite all these circumstances, the people living in the annex still tried to lead “normal” lives

“You can be lonely even when you’re loved by many people”

“…we live in a paradise compared to the

Jews who aren’t in hiding.”“The most you can do is pray for

God to perform a miracle and save

at least some of them”

Photograph from 1930’s Anne Frank Museum in 2004

After years in hiding, the family were betrayed. No one knows who or why but all 8 members of the Frank family and the people owning the jam factory were arrested and sent to concentration camps. Anne’s family was transported to Auschwitz Concentration camp for sorting.

Anne's diary was left in the house and there is no record of what happened to her apart from German records from the concentration camps.

Anna Frank dies of typhus and deprivation in March 1945 in Bergen-Belsen a few days after her sister Margot.

Bergen-Belsen is liberated by the British Army on April 15, 1945.

“One day this terrible war will be over. The time will come when we will be people again and not just Jews!”

Anne Frank's diary is the voice of the Holocaust-the voice that speaks for the millions Hitler silenced. Anne Frank's diary is the legacy of young girl denied her adulthood by Hitler's killing machine, and stands for the many women and men, young and old, whose lives Hitler's final solution snatched.

The story of her life is a tragedy, but the enduring message is one of hope and tolerance that will never die. The diary reveals Anne's dreams, irritations, hardship, and passions . . . a testament to an indestructible nobility of spirit in the face of pure evil."

Warm Up

Take out a sheet of paper and head it appropriately.

Title it “Holocaust KWL Chart & Notes.”

DRAW A KWL CHART.

Under the “K,” write 3 things you know about the

Holocaust.

Under the “W,” write 3 things you want to know

about the Holocaust.

Background:

Anne Frank was born on June 12th 1929 in Germany & later moved to Amsterdam with her family

She received a diary for her 13th birthday

Anne and her family went into hiding for almost two years until they were arrested by the Nazis

Anne died in the Bergen-Belsen camp in March, 1945

Her diary survived and was later published by her father.

Anne's Diary begins in 1942. Anne is 13 years old-3 weeks before she goes into hiding.

Germany, WWII (1938-1945) Hitler ruled Germany

1933-1945

Allied powers (U.S., U.K., France, and Soviet Union) vs. Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)

Holocaust: Germany's

deliberate attempt, under

Hitler's rule, to exterminate

all Jews in Europe...

Killed over 6 million Jews.

Weapons: Starvation,

Torture, Dehumanization...

Hitler wanted to rid

Germany of everyone not of

the Aryan race (blond hair,

blue eyes)

SS = Hitler's

personal elite body

guards, did most of

killings ordered by

Hitler

Gestapo = Branch of

the SS

Star of David:

symbol of Jewish

Faith

Nazi = Anti-Jew

Swastika = Nazi

symbol

Anti -Semitism

This is the term given to

political, social and economic

agitation against Jews. In

simple terms it means ‘Hatred

of Jews’.

Aryan Race

This was the name of what Hitler

believed was the perfect race.

These were people with full

German blood, blonde hair and

blue eyes.

16 of the 44 children taken from a

French children’s home.

They were sent to a concentration

camp and later to Auschwitz.

ONLY 1 SURVIVED

A group of

children at a

concentration

camp in Poland.

Between 1939 and 1945 six

million Jews were murdered,

along with hundreds of thousands

of others, such as Gypsies,

Jehovah’s Witnesses, disabled

and the mentally ill.

Part of a stockpile of Zyklon-B poison gas

pellets found at Majdanek death camp.

Smoke rises as the

bodies are burnt.

Soviet POWs at forced labor in 1943 exhuming bodies in the ravine at Babi Yar, where

the Nazis had murdered over 33,000 Jews in September of 1941.

In 1943, when the number of murdered Jews exceeded 1 million. Nazis ordered the

bodies of those buried to be dug up and burned to destroy all traces.

In 1938, the situation took a more serious turn for the worst. Called the Night of

Broken Glass, the Nazis start to use violence against the Jews

Jewish shops, churches and other buildings

were openly attacked. People became

subjected to violence

It would lead to the start of more

systematic violence...

From 1939 onwards, Jews were rounded up. They were forced to

move out of their homes. To start off with they were sent to areas in

cities designed only for them. These were ghettos

Jewish people had:

•Their property confiscated

•They were forced to move to new

areas

•They had their citizenship taken

away

By 1941, the Jews were to be moved to concentration camps

They usually arrived by railway. Camps like

Auschwitz and Dachau were more than just

concentration campsJews from all over Europe were forced to work

here… then from 1941 - 42 onwards...

Holocaust… around 6 million Jews lost their lives in these

death camps...

… these camps can still be found. Mostly in countries like Poland, they are a grim

reminder of what racism can lead to...

Themes: freedom, persecution

“I long to ride a bike, dance, whistle, look at the world, feel young and know that I’m free…Just imagine what would happen if all eight of us were to feel sorry for ourselves or walk around with the discontent clearly visible on our faces.” Anne Frank (December 24,

1943)

Discuss Context: Nazi persecution has forced Anne into hiding

with seven other people in the Secret Annex

How does Anne feel? Imagine being cooped up in this room at length

Imagine sharing it with an adult.

How would you feel?

Repression

Definition: Having to keep under control

one’s feelings. Holding back because of

fear. Not being yourself.

How would you feel in Anne’s position?

How would you feel if you had to pretend

every minute of every day? How long can

you do that for?

“I need my mother to set a good example and be a person I can respect, but in most matters she’s an example of what not to do.”

Anne Frank (January 6, 1944)

Anne felt her mother did not

understand her

Who do you think Anne

prefer to confide in?

Adolescence

Transition period between puberty and

adulthood

Anne had to grow up in a restrictive

environment

She was deprived of contact with her

peers

Vented her anger and frustration on her

mother

“I want to be useful or bring enjoyment to all people, even those I’ve never met. I want to go on living even after my death!”

Anne Frank (April 5, 1944)

Anne feels like there are two Anne’s

within her – the ‘mean’ Anne and the

‘nice’ Anne.

Why do you think Anne faces an

identity problem?

How did Anne find her identity?

Self-identity

Awareness of one’s self as a separate

individual

Her diary entries reflect Anne’s quest for

a sense of identity

Anne matures into a confident young

woman with a strong identity of her own

“I don't think of all the misery, but of

the beauty that still remains.”

“Whoever is happy will make

others happy.”“People can tell you to keep

your

mouth shut, but that doesn't stop

you from having your

own opinion.”

“Memories mean more to me

than dresses.”

“I still believe, in spite of everything, that people are truly good at heart.”

Anne Frank (July 15, 1944)

This was one of the final

significant entries in Anne’s

diary

Despite all her suffering, Anne

maintained hope and optimism

and chose to believe in the good

in people.

How does this excerpt reflect on

Anne as a person?

Optimism

To look on the favorable side of

events

Do you share Anne’s optimism?

Explain your views

Warm Up

If you could interview survivors of the

Holocaust who knew Anne Frank, what would

you ask them? Jot down some of your

questions.

Characters:

1. Anne Frank

2. Margot Frank:

her older sister

3. Mr. Frank: their

father

4. Mrs. Frank: their

mother

5. Miep: worker in

Mr. Frank’s

business; Dutch

Characters:

6. Peter Van Daan

7. Mr. Van Daan: his

father

8. Mrs. Van Daan: his

mother

9. Mr. Dussel: a

dentist

10. Mr. Kraler:

worker in Mr. Frank’s

business; Dutch

Conflict External Conflict: A character struggles against

another person or outside force Based on the difficult situation in which

they are living

Anne and her mother, Edith, struggle with

Anne’s growing up and wanting to be

treated older than her mother treats her

Conflict Internal Conflict: A struggle within a person or

character

Anne puts up a hard exterior as a defense

She is afraid people won’t respect her if

they see the real Anne

She writes her true feelings in her diary

Anne begins to realize hiding is more difficult than she originally thought

She is in constant fear during

the night, jumping at every

sound, afraid the Nazi’s are

coming for her

Anne’s personality clashes with the others in hiding, especially with her mother and Peter

The tension with all

inhabitants is escalating,

causing various problems

throughout the story

Warm Up

Read and Answer the following:

1. Pretend you had one hour to prepare to go into

hiding. You can NEVER return to your home. You

cannot carry a suitcase; it would be obvious you

were going into hiding. It is winter; therefore, it is

VERY cold outside and there is limited food

where you are going. What items would you take

with you? How would you disguise these items

and how would you carry them?

Warm Up

Listed below is a partial list of the items that were

owned by the people in the annex: Playing cards

Briefcase (Mr. Van Daan)

Diary (Anne)

Mystery Novel (Mrs. Frank)

Antique silver music box (Mr. Frank)

Fountain Pen (Mr. Frank)

Wool scarf

• Crate of Strawberries

• Cat in a basket (Peter)

• Latin Book (Margot)

• Wooden Menorah (Mr. Van Daan)

• Silverware (Anne)

• Sack of Potatoes (Mr. Dussel)

1. Choose three items from the list and explain why you think they had value

to an individual who was hiding from the Nazis. Explain why you believe

these items had meaning and value.

2. Create your own list of five tangible things (things you can see and touch)

that you would carry with you if you ever had to be hidden. How do these

items reflect who you are as a person? Are these things of great or little

monetary ($) value?

Warm Up

After seeing pictures of concentration camps and

learning a little about the Holocaust and Anne

Frank, I feel…

3. Sounds from outside the Secret Annex play an

important part. Some remind us of ordinary life in

the city. Others punctuate the scene with reminders

of the danger outside. List four of the sounds heard

so far. Which sounds are pleasant? Which are

threatening?

4. List the conflicts that have developed among the

characters. Why are these conflicts dangerous for

the people in the Secret Annex? What other conflicts

do you predict might arise?

If you had to live in hiding and could not

make a sound from 9am-6pm every day,

except Sunday, and had no electronic

toys to entertain yourself, what would

you do?

Write 4 things you would do to occupy

your time.

Bellwork: Friday, 12/6/13

Warm Up

Draw a Venn Diagram.

Compare and contrast Peter and Anne by

identifying 3 similarities and 3 differences.

Make sure you color-code the Venn Diagram.