The Big Picture: Creating and Using Video for Learning and Teaching

John Maguire

Video is not a new idea“Books will soon be obsolete in the public schools. Scholars will be instructed through the eye. It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture. “

Thomas Edison, 1913

Einstein’s theory of relativity (1923)http://youtu.be/nb7GzyUemO0

Video is not a new idea

http://youtu.be/f_RAi3XAPhAMcGraw-Hill (1963)

Video Pedagogy

Make them want to know

1. The Hook (capture their attention and sustain interest)

Shot:Shock close-up of a moist human brain.Narration:This is a real human brain.

Tell them what you will do

2. Signpost(information on the purpose of the video)

Shot:Four monkeys eatingNarration:Lets concentrate on social behavior

Do it pedagogically

3. Encourage attentive viewing(Pose questions, Encourage prediction)

Invite viewers to guess what will happen next. Even rhetorical questions elicit judgments and viewers focus attention.

4. Enable construction of knowledge(Don’t duplicate visual with narration, Pause commentary for contemplation)

Do not provide literal narration of what is happening on screen (this will add value and information).

Designing Video and Multimedia for Open and Flexible Learning – Jack Koumi (2006)

Video Pedagogy

Do it pedagogically

5. Sensitise(Create receptive viewers)

Use appropriate musicSignal a change of topicUse a consistent styleConform to rules of video

6. Elucidate(Make the story clear)

Use short sentences, Speak clearly, Arrange objects in shot, direct the learners attention.

7. Reinforce(Repeat concept)

Repeat, compare and contrast, choose a shot that amplifies rather than accompanies the words.

Tell them what you have done

8. Conclude(consolidate the information and signal the end)

Recapitulate, Summarise, End Chapter

Designing Video and Multimedia for Open and Flexible Learning – Jack Koumi (2006)

The perfect cuppaA On average we drink 120 million cups of tea each day

in the UK. That's two cups of tea for every man, woman and child, every single day.

B The perfect cup of tea is completely down to the individual.

The perfect cuppaA There are a few steps to follow to make your perfect

cup of tea.

B This video covers the steps, and decisions, required to make the perfect cup of tea.

C If you were making a cup of tea what would you do?

The perfect cuppaA Add water to the kettle until you have the correct

amount for one cup.

B Never use distilled or previously boiled water. The more oxygen in your water the better the tea will taste.

C Add water to the kettle

The perfect cuppaA Turn on the kettle and wait for it to boil.

B Bring your water to the boil.

The perfect cuppa

The perfect cuppaA Place your tea bag in the cup.

B Some people believe adding milk before the hot water is best, others feel the tea brews better alone in the hot water.

6. Elucidate(Make the story clear)

Use short sentences, Speak clearly, Arrange objects in shot, direct the learners attention.

C Fill the cup 4/5ths of the way with the hot water, leaving room for milk.

C Pour water from the kettle into the cup.

The perfect cuppaA Place your tea bag in the cup.

B Some people believe adding milk before the hot water is best, others feel the tea brews better alone in the hot water.

C Fill the cup 4/5ths of the way with the hot water, leaving room for milk.

D Pour water from the kettle into the cup.

4. Enable construction of knowledge(Don’t duplicate visual with narration, Pause commentary for contemplation)

Do not provide literal narration of what is happening on screen (this will add value and information).

The perfect cuppa

6. Elucidate(Make the story clear)

Use short sentences, Speak clearly, Arrange objects in shot, direct the learners attention.

A Remove the tea bag.

B Remove the tea bag with a spoon.

The perfect cuppa

Tell them what you have done

8. Conclude(consolidate the information and signal the end)

Recapitulate, Summarise, End Chapter

A Sit back and enjoy your cuppa.

B So that’s how to make the perfect cup of tea.

C You should now be able to make informed decision about the water you use, when to add milk and how long you should leave the teabag in the cup.

The perfect cuppa

7. Reinforce(Repeat concept)

Repeat, compare and contrast, choose a shot that amplifies rather than accompanies the words.

A Sit back and enjoy your cuppa.

B So that’s how to make the perfect cup of tea.

C You should now be able to make informed decision about the water you use, when to add milk and how long you should leave the teabag in the cup.

The perfect cuppaDo it pedagogically

5. Sensitise(Create receptive viewers)

Use appropriate musicSignal a change of topicUse a consistent styleConform to rules of video

The starter kit

• Camera– iPhone– Android

• Screencast– Screenr, screencast-o-matic, Cam studio

• Editing– WeVideo, YouTube, imovie, moviemaker, lightworks

Lecture Capture

• Preparation– Prepare your performer, make them feel at ease.– Decide on your shot / mix of live video and slides.

• Production– Performance is key.– The value of humour, intonation, body language, cannot be underestimated.

• Post Production– Addition of animation, prompts, questions at key points.

Animated Screencasts• Preparation

– Know each step, nothing worse than a wandering mouse.– Write a script or instruction set.– Get used to your own voice.

• Production– Close unnecessary programs when recording.– Record a with “scratch track”.– Record at the appropriate resolution.

• Post Production– Addition of animation prompts/questions at key points.– Tie in with additional learning material

Interviews• Preparation

– Let the interviewee know exactly what you’re looking for in the final product.– Talk them through everything that will happen in production.– Ask them to include your answer in the question

• Production– Record your questions 2 or 3 times if the interviewee is nervous– Ask questions but do not react [audibly] to their answers. – Frame the shot appropriately.– Film cutaways.

• Post Production– Ensure the information/dialogue is coherent.

Framing interviews

Instructional ‘How To’

• Preparation– Determine the purpose.– Create a script and a storyboard/shot list.

• Production– Get presenter to talk through the process as you are shooting.– Shoot a wide or medium shot and close ups.

• Post Production– Add extra information with narration to keep viewers interested.

Simulation or ‘Role Play’• Preparation

– Make all performers feel at ease.– Create a script that poses questions for the viewer.– If you can’t storyboard create a shot list.

• Production– Vary your shots, shoot details or actions.– Conform to standards of video production (learn from the movies).– Ensure you have good sound.

• Post Production– Don’t use too many filters or transitions (again learn from the movies).– Make the viewer work.

Simple rules and conventions

The 180 RuleStates that characters in a scene should maintain the same left/right relationship to each other.

On a more basic level the camera should remain on the same of the action

http://tinyurl.com/agv4lbx

Simple rules and conventionsLearn shot typesThe framing of a shot helps the narrative power. Familiarise yourself with different shot type choose the one which would be suit your purpose

http://tinyurl.com/blfj7qq

Simple rules and conventionsSteady the cameraThe camera doesn’t have to be on a tripod but don’t move your camera too much. Carefully consider your use of zooms, pans and tilts, use them to emphasis something.

http://tinyurl.com/cmqgjkaThe above video also contains other helpful hints and tips for shooting.

Presentation

• Spend time introducing• Make students work while watching• Allow time for reflection• Create Extension work• Avoid stress and technical issues

PresentationRSCTV – Youtube from start to finishhttp://tinyurl.com/asenonh

Youtube Teachers – Getting Startedhttp://youtube.com/teachers

Mozilla PopcornMakerMakes it easy to enhance, remix and share web video. Combine video and audio with content from the rest of the web — from text, links and maps to pictures and live feeds.https://popcorn.webmaker.org/