Tesla and Pupin heritage

WWW Tesla

Sunday, February 17, 13

Petar KocovicJuly 10, 2012

World With/Without Tesla

Inventions


68% of all jobs around the world are based on Tesla and

Edison patents




Nikola Tesla (July 10, 1856 – January 7, 1943)



112 Patents1200+ adds to the basic patent set272 out of USA



112 Patents1200+ adds to the basic patent set272 out of USA


What is technology?



What is invention?


Necessity, who is the mother of invention.

Plato: The RepublicGreek author & philosopher in Athens (427 BC - 347 BC)

Rafael: “The School of Athens”

Plato and Aristotle


Innovations


Technological

Innovations


TechnologicalNon-technological

Innovations



Useful

Innovations



UsefulEdison

Innovations


TESLA PATENT 381968 ELECTRO-MAGNETIC MOTOR

May 1st, 1888

Base


May 1st, 1888


NON-TECHNOLOGICAL

INVENTIONS


SYSTEMS OF WRITING (ALPHABET)


Cuneiform – Summer ca 3000 B.C.


Cuneiform – Summer ca 3000 B.C.


American Sign LanguageThomas Gallaudet – 1817 (USA)


GLASS


Egypt~2,500 BC


Egypt~2,500 BC


INK


Egypt, China~2,500 BC


LOCK AND KEY


Mesopotamia~2,000 B.C


ConfuciusLady, Lock and Key Story


CHOCOLATE


AZTEC, MAYA1,000 B.C.


BUTTON


Greeks – 700 B.C.


Greeks – 700 B.C.


DENTURES


ETRUSCANS~700 BC


COIN


Lydians650 B.C.


PAPER MONEY


Song Dynasty~700 CHN






POWDER


CHINA~ 1,000 AD


MAGNETIC COMPASS


CHINA, EUROPE~ 1200 A.D.


MIRROR


Venetians~1,200 AD


EYEGLASSES


Salvino degli Armati or Alessandro di Spina

~1280, ITA


SunglassesJames Ayscough – 1752-USA


Contact LensesAdolf Flick

Germany - 1887


PASSENGER ELEVATOR


Konrad Kyeser1405 - GER

Meteora,

Greeece


Paternoster, 1884-Darford-ENG


MICROSCOPE


Hans & Zacharias Jansen1578 – The Netherlands


CALENDARGREGORIAN


Pope Gregory XIII and Octavian Clavius

1582- Vatican


THERMOMETER


Galileo Galilei1592 - Italy


CALCULUS


Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (invented separately)

– 1680s – ENG-GER

Algebra + GeometryDifferentialIntegral


CEMENT


Joseph Aspdin1824 – Potrland- UK


Reinforced ConcreteJoseph Monier, 1867 - France

Niagara – cca 1900 a.d.


DYNAMITE


Alfred Nobel1867 - SWE


CHEWING GUM


Thomas Adams1870 - USA


BAG


Margaret Knight – 1870 - USA



POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC)





CH2=CHCl



Eugen Baumann1872 - GER


Eugen Baumann1872 - GER



Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (ClC6H4)2CH(CCl3)


DDT

Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane (ClC6H4)2CH(CCl3)


Othmar Zeidler1874-GER


CREAM SEPARATOR


Carl Gustaf Patrik de Laval1878 - SWE


PNEUMATIC TYRE


John Boyd Dunlop1888 - UK


TECHNOLOGICAL INVENTIONS


ASTROLABE


ἀστρολάβον astrolabon, "star-taker“

~ 200 BC



~ 200 BC



~ 200 BC



The Antikythera mechanism(Calculate positions of the

stars) – 100 BC


The Antikythera mechanism(Calculate positions of the

stars) – 100 BC


Sextant


TELESCOPE


Johanes Lippershey1608 – The Netherlands


Space Telescope Hubble1990 - USA


SUBMARINE


Cornelis Drebbel1620 – The Netherlands


BAROMETERLIQUID MERCURY


Evangelista Torricelli1643 - ITA


Evangelista Torricelli1643 - ITA



PENDULUM CLOCK


Christiaan Huygens1656 – The Netherlands


Christiaan Huygens1656 – The Netherlands



Church Pendulum Clock


John Harrison1762 - ENG


TELEGRAPH


Samuel Finley Breese Morse - 1836 - USA

1836, built first telegraph

Adopt magnetism for electromagnetic

telegraphy





telegraphy





telegraphy


Morse CodeFirst Binary Code

First public presentation of telegraph September 2,1837


Alfred Vail

1837-1845 work with Morse on commercialization of telegraph

1845 – first telegraph line Baltimor – Washington

Add second taster and electromagnets


REVOLVER


SAMUEL COLT1835-USA


REFRIGERATOR


John Gorrie1842-USA


TYPEWRITER


Christopher Latham Sholes1868 - USA


TeleprinterBaudot, 32 keys - 1874 (1849) - FRA


TELEPHONE


Alexander Graham BellSCO

7. 3. 1876, patent no 174 465


Telephone

First Bell commercial telephone


MICROPHONE


David Hughes1878- USA


CASH REGISTER WITH PRINTING RECEIPT


James Ritty1879


DISHWASHER


Josephine Cochrane1886 - USA


CAMERA


George Eastman (Kodak)1888 - USA


George Eastman1884


AIR VEHICLES


Daedalus and Icarus(The Metamorphosis, book 8)


Hot Air BaloonJoseph –Michel and Jacques-Étienne Montgolfier –

1783 - FRA


Ferdinand von Zeppelin1870 – First Military Baloon


EDISON INNOVATIONS

BEFORE 1888, May



Menlo Park


$15,000,000,000 (1931)$227,000,000,000 (2012)

Menlo Park


Candle3000 B.C. -


Candle3000 B.C. -


Candle3000 B.C. -

Sir Humphry Davy – flammable gas lamp –

1815 - UKDuration – 15 hrs


Lighting BulbThomas Alva Edison - 1879-USA


Lighting BulbThomas Alva Edison - 1879-USA

1093 patents First inventor-businessman

Inventor of DC (Direct Current)

Tesla was in Edison Electric Company one year (1884-march 1885)

Duration – 40 hrs


Ticker - 1869


TOP 5Sunday, February 17, 13


#5


Wheel

Standard of Ur, cca 2,500B.C.


Device that allows heavy objects to be moved easily through rotating on an axle through its center, facilitating movement or transportation while supporting a load (mass), or performing labor in machines.

In order for wheels to rotate, a moment needs to be applied to the wheel about its axis, either by way of gravity, or by application of another

external force.


EthimologyOld English: hweol, hweogol,Proto-Germanic: *hwehwlan, *hwegwlanProto-Indo-European: *kwekwlo-, an extended form of the root *kwel- "to revolve, move around“Greek κύκλος kýklos, "wheel“Sanskrit :chakraOld Church Slavonic: kolo, The Latin word rota is from the Proto-Indo-European *rotā-, the extended o-grade form of the root *ret-


Wheels Today


Water wheel


BicycleBaron Karl de Drais de Sauerbrun –

1818 - GER

Skoda penny-farthing bicycle



#4


Aeolipile – First recorded steam engineCtesibius - ~250 BC.



#3


Johannes Guttengerg - Printing Press - 1450, GER


Luther – print first marketing material

Martin Luther (1483-1546) – Augustinian, Wittenberg

95 Theses on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences1517 – Protestant


134


Leonardo da Vinci

Key Person

134


Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) – Machine Civili

Archimedes ScrewSunday, February 17, 13

Ball BearingPunch press


Ball BearingPunch press

Nickel-chrome plated steel1794 – Philip Vaughan - UK


Gear box Spring


Gear box (and differential)

Chain


GearHero of Alexandria - 50 BC


GearHero of Alexandria - 50 BC


KEY MOMENT: DISCOVERING AMERICAN CONTINENT 1492



#2


More than 4% of Carbon.Machining is impossible.


Iron Casting



Iron Casting



Steel (0.2-2.1% of Carbon+Mg, Cr,Va,Ni)

Bessemer processHenry Bessemer, 1855 - UK

Siemens-MartinSir Carl Wilhelm Siemens, 1857, GER-UKPierre Emile Martin – 1865 - FRA










Abraham Darby I (1678-1717)

Abraham Darby IVThe world's first Iron Bridge near Coalbrookdale in Shropshire


145

James Watt -1769 - SCOsteam engineFrom this point Industrial Revolution start


Steam engine in action


Steam engine in action


Nicolas Joseph Cugnot – 1769 Fardier à vapeur


Robert Fulton Steamboat 1777


Stephenson’s Rocket(1830- Manchester-Liverpool)


Boiler1869 was invented first boiler


Boilerman (also Fireman, Stoker)

They eating enormous volume of food.


Income Level in Last 2 Millenia



4 A.D. – Roman Empire – avg $760 - $PPP 850 per month



1,000 A.D. – Byzantium – avg $PPP640- $720 per month



1,000 A.D. – Byzantium – avg $PPP640- $720 per month

2010 – 2,000 A.D. – avg $PPP750 per month


Era of Liquid fuels


Karl Friedrich Benz-GER1866 - First gasoline powered car

Benz Patent – Motorwagen Engine

Than Otto, Daimler, Diesel improved engine...


Internal combustion engine



#1


The Arc of Covenant - Bibilical time


ElectricityThe Arc of Covenant - Bibilical time





260 B.C -225 A.D. Baghdad battery (1.1V)


Alessandro Volta-1800-ITA

first battery on the University of Padua


160

1895-First Franchise – 1$ (2010$ 21.6) per HP (1.34 kW)

Niagara – cca 1900 a.d.

2010$ 16/kW


Mihailo Pupin (4. 10. 1858 Idvor – 12. 3. 1935)

1894 – 1923 - has 24 Patents in the field of long distance telephonyFather of long distance wired transmission


ONE MORE THING



Where is mr Tesla?


TESLA “HOLLY TRINITY” PATENTS

Where is mr Tesla?


Started with Tesla Patent 514,167, Feb 6, 1894


Coaxial Cable Patent, Dec 8, 1931Bell Labs Project


Single-wire transmission line - 1897

Tesla called this phenomenon "transmission of electrical energy through one wire without return".

Tesla stated in 1901:

"Some ten years ago, I recognized the fact that to convey electric currents to a distance it was not at all necessary to employ a return wire, but that any amount of energy might be transmitted by using a single wire. I illustrated this principle by numerous experiments, which, at that time, excited considerable attention among scientific men."


Principle of Wireless Transmitting


Guillermo Marconi• "Telegraphy without

Wires", at the Toynb, on 11 December 1896; and "Signaling through Space without Wires", on 4 June 1897- London

• 2. 6. 1896 applied, than on 2. 3. 1897 add amendments to the patent to the British Patent Institution

• Tesla fight against Marconi, because he applied in the USA earlier for the same patent as a secondary patent (early 1896)


Marconi - antenna


Oliver Heaviside (1850-1925)—An inventor who failed to file crucial

patents•Patent GB 1407 – 1880, Coaxial-Cable•1892 – attend Tesla presentation held in British Electrical Engineers Institute: “Experiments with high voltage, high frequency alternate currents” •1894 – Tesla patent No 514,167 – Electrical Conductor


Principle of Wireless

Transmitting


Wireless control

• Madison Square Garden exhibition - 1898

• Tesla had control over small “ship” using remote control

• This was first wireless controlled device

• First commercial use – after 1960


Magnifying Transmitter


Tesla Coils – in Lab

He played with frequencies


George Westinghouse (1846-1914)-Inventor of Railway Air Brake- Tesla spent in GWH Co form July 1888 – February 1889.

Tesla had good salary in GWH Co. After that he came to entrepreneur arena.


The Tesla Wireless Plant on Long Island (High Voltage-High

Frequency)


Tesla – Antena ConceptsHemisphere

Thorus (Pat 1119732, Dec 1, 1914)


Nikola Tesla: His Life and Work

1900 - backed by $150,000 (2010$ 3,240,00) from financier John Pierpont Morgan, Tesla began construction of his so called "Wireless Broadcasting System" tower on Long Island, N. Y. This broadcasting tower was intended to link the world's telephone and telegraph services, as well as transmit pictures, stock reports, and weather information worldwide."

However, once Morgan realized that Tesla wanted to provide all these serviced for free, he cut Tesla's funding.



I will illuminate bulbs 25 miles away, free of

charge!!!


Main question was:Where is the money? Nik, Show me the

money!!!

I will illuminate bulbs 25 miles away, free of

charge!!!


Tesla try to receive funds for his wireless patents from

different sources


Millionaire John Jacob Astor (died on the Titanic crash, 1912)

The White State line was owned by J.P. Morgan. At the last moment, Morgan decided not to sail on his ship....Madeleine survived, and according to John Jacob Astor's will, Madeleine would have received income from a $5,000,000 trust fund as long as she did not remarry.

Madeleine and John Astor


One year earlier – 1899 – Colorado Springs

Col. John Jacob Astor – made available to Tesla $30,000 (2010$ 390,000)

Tesla first calculated Earth frequency ~ 6HzShumman resonance 7.8-11 Hz


The Electric Experimenter


U.S Blows Up Tesla Radio Tower - 1917


1930 – Tesla proclaimed Death Ray

11 July 1934 the headline on the front page of the New York Times read, 'TESLA, AT 78, BARES NEW 'DEATH BEAM'. ... such tremendous energy that they will bring down a fleet of 10,000 enemy airplanes at a distance of 250miles...' Tesla stated that the death beam would make war impossible by offering every country an 'invisibleChinese wall'. ("A Master of Lightening: A Weapon To End War")


Tesla Sold Patent to USSR

In 1937 Tesla presented a plan to the Amtorg Trading Corporation, an alleged Soviet arms front in New York City. Two years later, in 1939, one stage of the plan was tested in the USSR and Tesla received a check for $25,000 (2010$ 314,000).


Giant Tesla Coil in Russia


H.A.A.R.P. (1990)High Active Auroral Research

Project

Gaskona Alaska



Wireless and Internet


Source: Milken Institute, Merrill Lynch Industry Report (April 1999)

The Internet has penetrated the US market faster than any other major 20th century technological innovation


Source: Milken Institute, Merrill Lynch Industry Report (April 1999)

46 Years44 Years

35 Years34 Years

30 Years

26 Years

22 Years

15 Years13 Years

7 Years

HouseholdElectricity

Automobile Telephone VCR MicrowaveOven

TV Radio PC CellularPhone

Internet

Number of Years to Attain 25% Household Penetration in the US

The Internet has penetrated the US market faster than any other major 20th century technological innovation


Commercial Spread Spectrum

Background











Hedy Lamar: Legendary Inventor of Spread Spectrum

As is often reported in popular press, Hedy Lamar was awarded an early frequency hopping spread spectrum patent during WWII

Invention was not applied in practice in next 17 years

Like with the computer, it is probably impossible to identify a single inventor










Key Spread Spectrum Modulation Schemes


Hedy is Still Remembered!


Hedy is Still Remembered!


Entre más vivo, siento que todo lo que era bueno para nuestros padres, no es lo suficientemente

bueno para nosotros.– Oscar Wilde



200


200


WorldWith/Without

Tesla InventionsPetar KocovicJuly 10, 2012


Education

Tesla and Pupin heritage