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Vegetable Entomology Workshop
Dr. Ayanava MajumdarExt. Entomologist, State SARE Coordinator
Gulf Coast Research & Ext. Center
8300 State Hwy 104, Fairhope AL 36532
Tel: (251) 331-8416
Workshop content• PRE-TEST (3 minutes)• Sweet potato insect pests (ANR-1104)• Insecticide update• IPM insect monitoring project results• Insecticide update (refer to the book)• Check out the IPM exhibit before you leave & ask
questions
• POST-TEST/EVALUATION (5 minutes)
Impact of Sweet Potato Insect Pests• Crop loss to insects without intervention: 50%• Sweet potato production states: AL, MS, LA,
NS, SC, TX ($216 million; 81,000 A)• Cost of insecticides is about10% of production
cost or more• Six major insect pests: wireworms, white
grubs, sweet potato weevil, sweet potato flea beetle, whitefringed beetle, cucumber beetle
Gianessi, 2009: Crop Protection Research Institute
Sweet potato insect pests
Whitefringed beetles:• All beetles are females, emerge in late June• Grubs: small head, dark mouthparts, feed on roots (July-Aug.)• Damage: Shallow feeding holes on side but deep feeding at ends• Management: plant early, rotate with a grass crop or avoid planting• Chemical: Imidan 70 W (phosmet) against adults – 7 PHI
Sweet potato insect pests
Spotted & Banded cucumber beetles:• Beetles: yellow with spots or bands• Eggs laid in soil• Larvae feed on developing roots: Shallow round holes in groups, channels under skin• Management: no effective cultural control tactic• Chemical: bifenthrin, carbaryl for beetle control
Sweet potato insect pests
Wireworms (Conoderus sp.):• Major problem in some areas• Use ground bait stations - take handout, see IPM exhibit• Damage: Deep round holes• Managing adult beetle difficult• Chemical: broadcast insecticide, chlorpyrifos (Lorsban)…behavioral resistance is of concern
Sweet potato insect pests
White grubs:• Larvae of June beetles, overwinter in soil• Damage: grubs eat off large areas of roots, wide feeding channels• Serious pest if SP follow pasture• Chemical: chlorpyrifos, bifenthrin
Sweet potato insect pests
Flea beetles (Chaetonema, Systena sp.):• Beetles eat foliage, migratory, eggs laid in soil• Grubs live in soil, resemble small cucumber beetle• Damage: feeding holes irregular shape, then tunnels under skin• Management: remove weeds (bindweed) from field edges • Chemical: chlorpyrifos spay, bifenthrin
Sweet potato insect pests
Sweet potato weevil:• Can cause 90% yield loss• Low root damage can give off flavor/odor to the produce• AL Dept. of Agric. has quarantine in place to stop the spread• Management: purchase only certified seed free of infestation, destroy plant debris including culls, destroy morning , clean storage houses • Chemical: target adult weevil
New Insecticides for Better IPM
• Spinetoram (Radiant 1SC, by Dow AgroSciences) Activity against thrips, corn earwom, European corn borer, imported
cabbageworm, diamondback moth, etc. Spinosyn insecticides: short pre-harvest interval (1 to 3 days), some
insecticide resistance concerns.
• Spirotetramat (Movento 2SC by Bayer CropScience) Metabolic disruptor Activity against sucking pests like aphids and whiteflies.
• Spiromesifen (Oberon 2SC by Bayer CropScience) Belongs to the same family of products as Spirotetramat Mite and whitefly control
New Insecticides for Better IPM
• Rynaxypyr (Coragen 1.67SC by DuPont and other products) New type of nerve poison which impacts insect muscles Acts rapidly in insects and has very good activity against the Colorado
potato beetle and caterpillars in young stages Safe for parasitoids, predators, and pollinators
READ MORE IN THE NEW VEGETABLE HANDBOOK!
• Flubendiamide (Synapse 24WG/Belt SC by Bayer) Feeding inhibitor Foliar spray or chemigation Effective against corn earworm, European corn borer, fall and beet armyworms, loopers, and other caterpillars.
Insect Pests of Other Vegetables (Quick discussion on insect ID and IPM
insect monitoring project)
• 14 member team
• Pheromone traps: commercial types
• Study the IPM exhibit
Project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85
Web outreach: Blogs, YouTube
AU Pest Alert (email): July-October
“Timely Information” on AlabamaCrops.com, AGFAX.COM, www.aces.edu
IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375
Travelling exhibition at meetings
Revisions to SE Vegetable Production Handbook
Why subscribe to AU Pest Alert?
Outbreak of armyworms in soybean, peanuts
20 (4)
19 (3)
15 (4)
32 (5)
48 (5)
16 (5)
13 (5)
27 (6)
36 (6)
Late Aug. & Sept.
Late Aug. & Sept.
July, Aug., Sept.
29 (6)
Late July-Aug.17 (3)
12 (4)Statewide total = 1386
Microspines
3 (4)
2 (3)
7 (4)
20 (5)
15 (5)
3 (5)
6 (5)
6 (6)
3 (6)
Early Sept.
Early Aug. , Sept.
Late Aug., Sept.
1 (6)
Late July, then none3 (3)
Weather impact:
Temp: mixed
Rainfall: NS
Rain days: NS
Statewide total = 342
Microspines
6 (4)
10 (3)
25 (4)
12 (5)
16 (5)
7 (5)
5 (5)
3 (6)
11 (6)
June, Aug., Sept.
July, Aug.
Aug., Sept.
8 (6)
3 (3)
8 (4)
Statewide total = 589
17 (4)Late Aug.
Why read AU Pest Alerts?
Lesser cornstalk borer in many crops (Clarke, Washington, Escambia Co., Henry Counties)
119 (5)
116 (5)
76 (5)
46 (5)
142 (6)
143 (6)
July, Aug.
July, Aug.
Late Aug., Sept., Oct.
77 (4)
Statewide total = 3586
4 (4)
28 (3)3 WCRW
12 (4)
7 (5)
1 (5)
1 (5)
4 (5)
2 (6)
June, July
June
June
8 (6)1 WCRW
Statewide total = 266
June
WCRW SCRW
Project archive: www.aces.edu/go/85
Web outreach: Blogs, YouTube
AU Pest Alert (email): July-October
“Timely Information” on AlabamaCrops.com, AGFAX.COM, www.aces.edu
IPM Hotline (messages): 1-800-446-0375
Travelling exhibition at meetings
Revisions to SE Vegetable Production Handbook
IPM-CORE
New Integrated Vegetable Entomology Website:
SUBSCRIBE TO BLOGS FOR AUTOMATIC EMAIL UPDATES
Acknowledgements• IPM-CORE Coordinators: – Drs. A. Majumdar, H. Fadamiro
• IPM Insect Monitoring Project:– Lloyd Chapman– Neil Kelly– Michael Reeves– Gary Gray– James Miles– William East, Jr.– Brandon Dillard– Leonard Kuykendall– Chris Becker– Timothy Reed
Thank you very much. Please complete the POST-TEST now.
