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Sun flower

CONTENTS

• FLORAL BIOLOGY

• BOTANY

• EMASCULATION

• SELFING

• CROSSING

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INTRODUCTION

• Sunflower is an important oil seed crop after soybean

• Its oil content ranges from46 to 52%

• The leading Sunflower growing countries are USSR, Bulgaria, Canada and USA

• In India , this crop was Introduced in 1969 from USSR (EC-68413,68414,68415,69874 )

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ORIGIN

• Sunflower domesticated in the central part of the United States of America .This hypothesis is based on archaeological evidence.

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SYSTEMATICS

Division : PhanerogamsClass : Dictoyledanae Sub class : GamepetalaeOrder : AsteraseFamily : AsteraceaeGenus : HelianthusSpecies : annuus (2n=2x=34)

: tuberosus (2n=6x=102)

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BOTANY

• It is distinguished from all other cultivated plants by its single stem and large inflorescence.

• The inflorescence is capitulum .

• It is having a bisexual flower.

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CYTOLOGY

• Its includes diploid, tetraploid ,and hexaploid, species.

• The 17 chromosomes are divided into four group based on the position of centromere.

• The length of the 17 chromosome varies from 3.05 to 6.20 microns

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FLORAL BIOLOGY

• It is protandrous in nature .

• Flowering starts in the early morning 6-10 am.

• The pollen grain viability up to 12 hrs.

• The stigma receptivity up to 2-3 days.

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FLORAL MORPHOLOGY

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T.S OF HEAD

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SELFING

• Selfing is done by bagging of the entire head.The bagging material could be cotton cloth or paper bag or cheese cloth bag.

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CROSSING TECHNIQUES.

•1.HAND EMASCULATION: Emasculation is done

by removing the anther tubes with forceps on the morning that the flowers open. Unemasculated flowers are removed.

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2.CHEMICAL INDUCTION OF MALE STERILITY:

This is achieved by spraying of 0.05% solution of gibberellic acid per plant during bud initiation. Application of gibberellic acid after bud initiation consecutively for 3 days in the morning gives better results.

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Pollination is carried out by collecting the pollen from the male parent which are already bagged prior to flowering. Pollen can be collected from the flowering head. Pollination is usually done in the same morning after emasculation.

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3.POLLINATION:

MAINTAINENCE OF MALE STERILE LINE

A –Line × B Line

(CMS-234A) (CMS-234B)

↓

F-1 CMS 234A

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HYBRIDIZATION

A –Line × R-Line

(CMS-234A) (RHA-95-C-1)

↓F-1 hybrid

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AICRP ON SUNFLOWER AND VARITIES

• AICRP on sunflower was established in the year 1972,with head quarters at UAS,BANGALORE.

• 1974-No. of hybrids were developed by CMS lines.BSH1 and BSH2 were found promising hybrids among them.

• 1975-EC-68414,68415 for cultivation.

• 1978-Morden –Early duration variety.

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HYBRIDS AND THEIR PARENTAGES

• BSH-1 = (CMS-234A X RHA-274)

• KBSH-41= (CMS-234A X RHA-95-C-1)

• KBSH-42= (CMS-851A X RHA-95-C-1)

• KBSH-44= (CMS-17A X RHA-95-C-1)

• Now, KBSH-53,55,58,62 Are released for Karnataka state.

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HYBRIDS.

HYBRIDS STATES DURATION SEED YIELD (Kg/ha)

BSH 1 ALL 85-90 1,000-1,500

KBSH 1 ALL 90-95 1,200-1,500

KBSH 11 ALL 90-95 1,000-1,500

LSH 1 MAH 85-90 900-1,200

LSH 3 MAH 95-100 1,000-1,500

PSFH 67 PUNJAB 90-95 1,000-1,500

PKVSH 27 MAH 75-80 900-1,100

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VARITIES.

VARITEY STATES DURATION SEED YIELD (Kg/ha)

MORDEN ALL 70-80 600-800

EC 68414 ALL 100-110 800-1,000

EC 68415 KAR 100-110 800-1,000

SURYA MAH 90-95 800-1,000

CO-1 TN 65-70 500-700

CO-2 TN 85-90 800-1,000

FUTURE PROSPECTS.

• Sunflower is one of the fastest developing oil seed crop .It was introduced in the year 1969.

• Today more than 1 million ha area is under sunflower cultivation.

• The productivity of sunflower is quite low in India (4-6 q/ha) as compared to other countries.

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ECONOMIC PRODUCTS.

• The stakes of the head are used to make compost.

• Oil extracted from SF is edible as it is rich in un-saturated fatty acids like oleic (19%) and linoleic acids (68%).

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INSECT POLLINATION

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DISTINCT MERITS OF SUNFLOWER

• Wider adaptability

• High yield potentiality of hybrids

• Its day neutral nature

• Short duration crop

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