STUDY ON SIKKIM EARTHQUAKE ( 2011)

Presented by,Sai sujay.Pavankumar.Rakshit.PMonika.Shravani.

CONTENT

• INTRODUCTION• LOCATION • DETAILS• EFFECTS• CASE STUDY• REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION• An earthquake is the result of a sudden release of

energy in the earth crust, that creates seismic waves.• The seismic activity of an area refers to the

frequency, type and size of earthquakes experienced over a period of time.

• The 2011 Sikkim earthquake  occurred with a moment magnitude of 6.9, near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of  Sikkim, at 18:10 IST on Sunday, 18 September.

• The earthquake was felt across northeastern India, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and southern Tibet.

LOCATION

• The 2011 Sikkim earthquake occurred centered within the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, near the border of Nepal and the Indian state of Sikkim.

• As per the Seismic Zonation Map of India 4 the state of Sikkim comes under Seismic Zone IV

• Neighbouring countries of Nepal, Bhutan, Tibet (China) and Bangladesh sustained damage and losses to varying extent .

• Three aftershocks of magnitude 5.7, 5.1 and 4.6 were also felt in Sikkim within 30 minutes of the earthquake.

• The earthquake triggered a large number of landslides and caused significant damage to buildings and infrastructure.

CAUSES

• Damages to the private buildings• Damage to religious Places• Damage to the archaeological structures• Damage to dams and water structures. • Damage to government buildings and Educational

Institutions.

• As the region is mountainous and rains preceded the earthquake, the event triggered massive landslides.

• Damage to buildings and infrastructure caused by landslides was more severe than damage due to direct ground shaking in some regions

• Most buildings had a symmetric and uniform grid of beams and columns. Some buildings that had open stories collapsed, usually at mid-height

CASE STUDY

• The Incident followed by Geological information:• Date of occurrence: 18/09/2011• Time: 18:11 hrs (IST) • Magnitude: 6.8• Focal depth: 10 Km Epiecentre Latitude &

Longitude : 27.7o N & 88.2 o E • Region: Sikkim‐Nepal Border region.

REFERENCE

• "Pager - M 6.9 - Sikkim, India". USGS. 18 September 2011. Retrieved18 September 2011.

• Earthquake claims two lives in Sikkim, The Hindu, 18 September 2011

• Bhardwaj, Mayank (18 September 2011). "Magnitude 6.8 quake in India, several dead". Reuters. Retrieved 18 September 2011.

• Earthquake kills 5 in Nepal, DNA, 18 September 2011.• ITBP buildings collapse, Pegong area badly hit The Economic

Times, 18 September 2011•  "Earthquake toll over 80; India 68; as rescue teams reach quake

epicentre". Ndtv.com. Retrieved 22 September 2011.

Thank you…..