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MINERALs & ENERGY
RESOURCES
WHAT ARE WHAT ARE MINERAL MINERAL
RESOURCESRESOURCESA MINERAL IS A NATURALY OCCURING SUBSTANCE FOUND IN THE EARTH’S CRUST.MINERALS HAVE
DISTINT PHYSICAL POROPETIES SUCH AS COLOR
AND HARDNESS AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES SUCH AS SOLUBILITY
THERE ARE 3000 MINERALS IN THE EARTH90% OF EARTH MINERALS ARE MADE UP OF
JUST 10 MINERALSCOMMON MINERALS-SILICATES ,ALUMINIUM,
IRON, SODIUM ,POTTASIUM, CALCIUM, MAGNESIUM.
THEY ARE FOUND IN PURE STATE IN ORES WHICH ARE ROCKS CONTAINING MINERALS
ORES ARE CLASSIFIED INTO LOW AND HIGH GRADE ORES (CONTINUED IN NEXT SLIDE)
HIGH GRADE ORES CONTAINS HIGH MINERAL CONTENT AND LESS OF IMPURITIES
LOW GRADE ORES CONTAINS LOW MINERAL CONTENT AND MORE OF IMPURITIES
TYPES OF MINERALS ON COMPOSITION METALLIC MINERALS NON METTALIC
MINERALS
TYPES OF NON METALLIC MINERALSORGONIC IN ORGONIC
EXTRACTION OF MINERALSOPEN CAST MININGSHAFT MININGDRILLING
ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MINING
TYPES OF ROCKS IN WHICH MINERALS ARE FOUND METAMORPHIC AND IGNEOUS ROCKS
SEDIMENTARY ROCKS
ASIAIRON ORE-INDIA ,CHINATIN-MALASIYA,INDONESIA,CHINALEAD,ANTIMONY,TUNGSTEN-CHINAPETROLEUM,NATURAL GAS-MIDDLE
EASTERN COUNTRIESMANGANESE,BAUXITE-MOST PARTS OF
ASIA
EUROPEIRON ORE-
RUSSIA,UKRAINE,SWEDEN,FRANCECOPPER,LEAD,ZINC,MANGANES,NICKEL-
EASTERN EUROPE,RUSSIACOAL-RUHR VALLEY OF GERMANY PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS-UK,NORWAY
NORTH AMERICACOPPER,LEAD,ZINC,GOLD,SILVER-
WESTERN CORDILLERASCOAL-APPALACHAINS RANGEIRON
ORE,NICKEL,GOLD,URANIUM,COPPER-CANADIANSHIELD REGION
SOFTCOAL-WEST VIRGINIA,WESTERN PENNYSLYVANIA,OHIO,KENTUCKY
South AmericaIron-BRAZILCOPPER-CHILE,PERUTIN-BRAZIL,BOLIVAMINERAL OIL-
MEXICO,VENEZULA,ARGENTINA,CHILE,PERU, COLUMBIA
BAUXITE-N.E.SOUTH AMERICA,JAMAICAGOLD,SILVER,,ZINC,CHORIUM,MANGANES
E,MICA,PLATINUM,ABESTOS,DIAMOND-ARE ALSO FOUND IN S.AMERICA
AFRICADIAMOND,GOLD,SILVER,PLATINUM-
LARGEST PRODUCER(AFRICA) GOLD-S.AFRICA,ZAIRE,ZIMBABWEWITWATERSLAND – IN THE LAST 100
YEARS IT PRODUCED 50% OF WORLD’S GOLD
SOME OTHER METALS FOUND HERE –COPPER,IRON,CHROMIUM,COBALT,URANIUM
AUSTRALIAWORLD LEADER INPRODUCTION OF
BAUXITE, IRON, GOLD,COAL,DIAMOND,TIN,NICKEL
RICH INMANGANESE,COPPER,LEAD,ZINCGOLD-KALGOORLIE ,COOLGARDIE
ANTARTICA• COAL-TRANS ANTARTIC
MOUNTAINS,PRINCE CHARLES MOUNTAINS
• GOLD,SILVER,OIL,ARE ALSO PRESENT • MINING IS BANNED,ONLY RESERCHERS
DO ABIT OF MINING
Production of iron ore showing state wise share
IRON-OREINDIA –LARGEST IRON DEPOSIT IN
ASIATYPES OF IRON ORES-
MAGNETIC,HAEMATITEIRON MINES-CHOTA NAGPUR
PLATEAU,MAINLY FOUND IN JHARKAND,ORRISA,CHHATTISGARH, MADYAPRADESH,GOA,MAHARASHTRA,KARNATAKA
BAUXITE(ORE OF ALUMINIUM)PRODUCING AREAS-
ORISSA(LARGEST),TAMIL NADU,M.P,MAHARASHTRA,GUJARAT, CHATTISGARH,JHARKHAND
USES-AUTOMOBILES,AIRCRAFT,FURNITURES.ETC
MICA
coperProduced mainly –A.P ,Karnataka ,M.P, Jharkhand, Rajasthan
Used in electrical industry for making wires , motors , transformers ,generators
It was used to make coinsIt is mixed with gold to give strength
Deposits- M.P, ORISSA, A.P, CHATTISGARH, KARNATAKA
USES-SMELTING OF IRON, MANUFACTURING FERRO-ALLOYS , ADDS STRENGHT TO STEEL
LIMESTONEDEPOSITS- M.P ,TAMIL NADU,BIHAR,
ORISSA,GUJARAT, RAJASTAN, MAHARASHTRA,JHARKHANDRAW MATERIAL FOR CEMENT INDUSTRY
Gold Deposit-hutti , kolar in Karnataka
Uses- making jewellery ,in experiments
Mining of gold is very expensive
Salt It is used as preservatives in food
industryCommon salt (NaCl) is used in food
to make it tasty Obtained fromseas,lakes,rocksDeposits –Gujarat ,tuticorinIndia – leading producer , exporter
siliconUses –in computer industryObtained –from quartzQuartz (deposits)-M.P,U.P,HIMACHAL
PRADESH(UNA)
CONSERVATION OF MINERALS
Energy Resources
FIRE WOODUSES-COOKING, HEATING
50% OF ENERGY USED IN VILLAGES IS GOT FROM FIREWOOD
COALFORMED MILLIONS OF YEARS AGOLEADING COAL PRODUCERS-USA,RUSSIA,
GERMANY ,FRANCE,SOUTHAFRICA,CHINAINDIA-JHAIRA(LARGEST),RANIGANGLOW GRADE-ASSAM,ARUNACHAL
PRADESH,NAGALAND MEGALAYALIGNITE-TAMIL NADU,PUDUCHERRY,GUJRAT,JKUSES-THERMAL POWER;IRON,STEEL
INDUSTRIES; DOMESTIC FUEL; STEAM ENGINES
PETROLEUMDERIVATION-LATIN(ROCKOIL)TRAPPED BETWEEN SEDIMETARY ROCKS,IS
BLACKIT IS DRILLED FROM OFF &ON SHORE OIL FELDSUSED FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION IN
AUTOMOBILES, AIRCRAFT ETCALSO CALLED BLACK GOLD,LIQUID GOLDTOP PRODUCERS MIDDLE EASTERN COUNTRIES,
USA,RUSSIA,ALGERIA,VENEZULAIN INDIA-DIGBOI IN ASSAM,BOMBAY
HIGH,DELTAS OF KRISHNA &GODAVARI
NATURAL GASFOUND NEAR OIL FIELDS,RELEASED WHEN
CRUDE OIL IS DRILLEDTOP PRODUCERS-NETHERLANDS,NORWAY,UK,
RUSSIAIN 1984 GAIL WAS SET UP TO LOCATE AND
TRANSPORT NATURL GAS IN INDIAFOUND AT(INDIA)-EASTERN COAST OF THE
GODAVARI KRISHNA DELTA , TRIPURA,JAISALMER,KANDLA(GUJRAT), MUMBAI
CNG IS A ECO FRIENDLY AUTOMOBILE FUEL
NON CONVECTIONAL SOURCESHYDROELECRICITYSOLAR ENERGYWIND ENERGYNUCLEAR POWERGEOTHERMAL ENERGYTIDAL ENERGYBIOGAS
HYDROELECTRICITYTHE WATER STORED IN DAMS FALL ON
TURBNES FROM GREAT HEIGHTS ON TURBINES WHICH MAKES THEM ROTATE AND TURN THE GENERATOR AND PROUDUCE ELECRICITY
TOP PRODUCERS-CHINA,NORWAY , PARAQUAY , BRAZIL
IN INDIA-SHIVASAMUDRAM,NAGARJUNA SAGAR, BHAKRANANGAL,DAMODAR VALLEY PROJECT
SOLAR ENERGYOBTAINED FROM SUNLIGHT USING
PHOTOVOLTIC CELLS/SOLR THERMAL TECHNOLOGY
GUJRAT,RAJASTHAN,TROPICAL COUNTRIES HAVE POTENTIAL FOR SOLAR ENERGY
USED IN SOLAR HEATERS,COOKERS ETC
WIND ENERGYKINETIC ENERGY OF WIND IS CONVERTED
INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGYHAS BEEN USED FOR GRINDING GRAIN
&LIFTING WATER SINCE ANCIENT TIMESLOCATED IN COASTLINES &HILLS WHERE
THERE STEADY &STRONG WINDS ARE LOCATEDTOP PRODUCERS –
GERMANY,UK,USA,DENMARK, SPAININDIA-GUJRAT(LAMBA),TAMIL NADU
NUCLEAR POWERRADIOACTIVE MINERALS SUCH AS THORIUM ,
URANIUM,PLUTONIUM ETC UNDERGO NUCLEAR FISSION AND ENERGY IS EMITTED
LEADING PRODUCERS-USA,FRANCEDEPOSITS(INDIA)-1)THORIUM-KERALA 2)URANIUM-RAJASTHAN, JHARKHAND
POWER STATIONS-KALPAKKAM,TARAPUR, RANAPRATAPSAGAR,NARORO,KAIGA
GEOTHERMAL ENERGYHOT WATER FROM GEYSERS
&GEOTHERMAL SPRINGS IS USED FOR COOKING BATHING & HEATING FOR SEVERAL YEARS
BIG PLANTS USA,NEW ZEALAND , PHILLIPHINES, ICELAND&CENTRAL AMERICA
INDIA-MANIKARAN, PUGAVALLEY
TIDAL ENERGYTHERARE DAMS BUILT IN NARROW
OPENINGS OF TIDAL BELTS OF SEADURING HIGH TIES TH TIDES ARE USED
TOI TURN THE TURBINES AND THEY PRODUCE ELECTRICITY
RUSSIA ,FRANCE,GULFOF KUTCHIN IN INDIA HAVE LARGE TIDAL FARMS
BIO GASGENERATED FROM DEAD AND DECAYING
ORGANIC MATTERIN BIO GAS DIGESTERS THE BACTERIA
DECOMPOSE THEORGANIC MATTER AND RELESE BIO GAS(METHANE+CARBONDIOXIDE)
THE WASTE IS USED AS MANURE
“Energy Saved Is Energy Produced”
SAVE ENERGYWE SHOULD CONSERVE & WE
SHOULDNOT WASTE ENERGY
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