SOURCES OF RENEWABLE ENERGY IN ROMANIA

Made by : PAVEL

AntonelaScoala

Gimnaziala Magura, Mihaesti.

What is renewable energy?

Renewable energy is generally defined as energy that comes from resources which are naturally replenished on a human timescale such as sunlight, wind, rain, tides, waves and geothermal heat. Renewable energy replaces conventional fuels in four distinct areas: electricity generation, hot, motor fuels, and rural energy services.

Renewable energy:

1. Hydropower2. Wind power3. Biomass

1. Hydropower

Lotru-Ciunget Dam and Hydro Power Plant  is a large hydroelectric complex on the Lotru River situated in Romania and one of the biggest complex facilities in Europe. The complex consists of three hydroelectric power plants. The first and most productive one is Ciunget, the second one is Malaia and the third one is Bradisor which, just as Ciunget is an underground power plant.

The river which fills the dams is called Lotru. The first dam is called Vidra Lake and is one of the biggest artificial lakes in Romania. The dam supplies water to the Ciunget power plant via an 800 metres drop underground pipe. All the used water is recollected via an underground piping system and flows to the Malaia dam where is the second power plant.

The project was started and finished in the 1970s and it was made up by the construction of a rock fill with a clay core dam 140 m high and an underground power plant equipped with three hydro units, having an installed capacity of 510 MW. The Pelton type turbines operate under a net head of about 800 m. A 220 kW outdoor substation connects the plant to the Romanian electric grid.

2. Wind power

Wind power in Romania reached in 2012 an

installed capacity of 1905 MW, up from the 14 MW installed

capacity in 2009. Romania has the highest wind potential in South Eastern Europe of

14,000 MW; in 2009 investors already had connection requests of 12,000 MW and the national

electricity transport company Transelectrica offered

permits for 2,200 MW.

A study of Erste Bank places Romania and especially the Dobrogea

Region with Constanţa and Tulcea counties as the second best place

in Europe to construct wind farms due to its large wind potential. Another

study made by the Romanian Energy Institute (REI) said that wind farms could contribute with 13 GW to the national power generation capacity

by 2020, and between 2009 and 2017 total wind farm capacity will comprise

4,000 MW with investments of US$ 5.6 billion.

3. Biomass

Biomass potential of Romania is considerable. Balancing power capacities are necessary along

with fast growing wind sector and the PV expected to follow. Biomass power is one of the most logical

alternative for balancing power.  Austrian Holzindustrie Schweighofer already opened 22 MW biomass CHP plant in the country. Romita

Energie Verde plants to invest 41 million in biomass power plant with 10 MW electrical and 19

MW thermal capacity in Cluj County. Romanian biomass market has all chances to exceed 210 MW biomass power plants in the next 2 years.

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