Peace Symbols

Essential Question

Why was winning the French and Indian War the beginning of conflict for the British and the colonists ?

Essential Question

What is independence?

Essential Questions

How did taxation without representation further contribute to the struggle for independence?

Essential Question

Why was the Declaration of Independence a “revolutionary” document?

Essential Question

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Patriots and the British during the American Revolution?

Essential Questions

Did the Declaration of Independence establish the foundation of the American Government?

Prior

What did the Battles of Lexington and Concord suggest about how the war would be waged?

John Adams“The Revolution was in

the minds of the people, and this was effected from 1760 to 1775…before a drop of blood was drawn at Lexington.”

Chapter 6

The Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. Members of Congress looked for a way to avoid a break with Britain.

Chapter 6

Congress sent the Olive Branch Petition to King George III.

Congress declared its loyalty to the King.

Chapter 6Congress asked the King to repeal the Intolerable Acts.

The King was angry. He ordered more troops to the colonies.

Chapter 6

Ethan Allen and the Green Mountain Boys, a band of Vermonters, took Fort Ticonderoga. They took British cannons and gunpowder and control of a key route into Canada.

Chapter 6

The Second Continental Congress established the Continental Army.

Battle of Bunker HillBritish troops controlled

Boston. Colonial militia surrounded the city.

Across the river from Boston, minutemen fired on British ships from Bunker Hill.

Battle of Bunker Hill

British troops drew near to attack the colonists.

Two times the colonists turned back British attacks.

Battle of Bunker Hill

With the third attack the British took Bunker Hill and Breed’s Hill, but they suffered heavy losses.

The Battle of Bunker Hill showed:

•Americans could fight bravely.

•The British would not be easy to defeat.

Homework/Due 12-6-11

1. Read pages 173-176

2. Complete page 176 (1-7)

Section 1 Formative Assessment

When the Second Continental Congress first met, the members were hoping to...

Chapter 6, Section 1

a)drive the British out of Boston.

b) establish an independent empire.

c) crush the revolt.

d) avoid a final break with Britain.

Section 1 Formative Assessment

One of the Patriots’ advantages was that...

a) they were fighting for their own homes and property.

b) they had an excellent navy.

c) Loyalists were on their side.

d) many colonists were willing to sign up for long periods of time.

Foxfire

Gettysburg Address

“Four score and seven years ago...”

4 X 20 = 80 7+ 80 = 871863-87= 1776

The Battle of Gettysburg was costly on a scale that is hard to imagine today. Almost as many soldiers died in combat at the Battle of Gettysburg than during the entire Vietnam Conflict. Almost as many Soldiers were killed, wounded or declared missing from the Battle of Gettysburg than during the entire Vietnam Conflict. A soldier in the civil war had about a 1 in 4 chance surviving. Below are some comparisons to other conflicts and events in American History.

51,112

“We have it in our power to begin the world over again.”

Common Sense

“Common Sense”

Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense an essay——urging the colonies to declare independence

“Common Sense”

Paine and other radicals—people who want to make drastic changes in society—began to think of creating their own nation.

Stephen Hopkins"my hand trembles, but my heart does not."

Declaration of Independence

Richard Henry Lee introduced a resolution for independence.

Declaration of Independence

Second Continental Congress debated the resolution. Members of Congress worried that the British could hang them as traitors, people who betray their country.

Declaration of IndependenceCongress appointed a

committee to draw up a formal declaration of independence.

Thomas Jefferson wrote the final document for the committee.

Declaration of Independence

The declaration was read to Congress.

The delegates voted to accept the declaration.

Declaration of Independence

The declaration was printed and signed.

Copies were distributed through the colonies

Chapter 6, Section 2The Declaration of Independence

PreambleIntroduction; explains that

the declaration will tell why the colonies want to break from Great Britain.

The Declaration of Independence

First part—Natural rightsRights that belong to all

people from birth, such as life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. Governments exist to protect people’s natural rights.

The Declaration of IndependenceSecond part—British wrongsGreat Britain has committed

many wrongs. King George III disbanded colonial legislatures, sent troops, and limited colonial trade. The colonists asked for justice but did not get it.

The Declaration of Independence

Third part—IndependenceThe colonies are now a free and independent nation—the United States of America.

Chapter 6, Section 2

Section 2 Formative/Assessment

The essay Common Sense

a)was never printed but was passed on by word of mouth.

b) argued that Parliament had a right to make laws for the colonies.

c) convinced many people that it was time to separate from Britain.

d) urged colonists to remain under British rule.

.

Section 2 Formative/Assessment

According to the Declaration of Independence, people form governments in order to

a) make war and provide jobs.

b) make drastic changes in society.

c) express their allegiance to a ruler.

d) protect their natural rights and liberties.

Chapter 6, Section 3

Section 3 Formative Assessment

One reason the Patriots had to retreat often early in the war was that

a) Washington had fewer troops than the British.

b) the Patriot navy did most of the fighting.

c) Nathan Hale gave away Patriot secrets.d) the war moved The Declaration of

Independence away from New England.

..

Section 3 Formative Assessment

The American victory at Saratoga was important because it

a) tricked British General Howe away from Philadelphia.

b) revealed the spy Nathan Hale.

c) took by surprise a force of Germans fighting for England.

d) convinced the French to be an ally of the United States

Hardships at Valley Forge

Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh:

Mid-winter snow, mud, and slush

Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh:

Damp, drafty huts; frozen ground

Soldiers poorly clothed; some did not have shoes or coats.

Conditions at Valley Forge were harsh:

Soldiers suffered from frostbite and disease

Poor food

“These are the times that try men’s souls”

You are the commander of an army. What circumstances would force you to surrender?

Battle of Yorktown

Cornwallis planned to conquer Virginia.

American troops under Lafayette kept Cornwallis from succeeding.

Battle of Yorktown

Cornwallis was ordered to send part of his army to New York. Instead, he retreated to Yorktown peninsula.

Battle of YorktownA combined American and

French army trapped Cornwallis on the peninsula.

A French fleet kept Cornwallis from escaping by sea.

Battle of Yorktown

The American and French armies laid siege to Cornwallis’s army, that is, they surrounded and blockaded the enemy position.

Battle of Yorktown

The British lost the Battle of Yorktown. They surrendered.

The Treaty of ParisCongress ratified, or

approved, the Treaty of Paris on April 15, 1783.

The British recognized the United States as an independent nation.

The Treaty of Paris

The boundaries of the United States extended from the Great Lakes to Florida and from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River

The Treaty of ParisFlorida was returned to

Spain. Americans agreed to

ask states to pay Loyalists for property they had lost.

Geography Americans were fighting at home on familiar ground. The British were far from home in unknown territory.

Foreign Help Spanish and French forces fought with the Americans. France, the Netherlands, and Spain loaned money. German and Polish officers provided training.

Patriotism Patriots gained skill as soldiers. They didn’t give up.

Leaders George Washington’s leadership and military skills were so good that he was respected by Americans and British alike

Cornwallis’s army marched throughout the South. How was he finally stopped?

a) Loyalists turned against him.b) He sent part of his army to

New York, so he didn’t have enough troops.

c) French and American armies trapped him on a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay.

One provision of the Treaty of Paris was that

a.)Great Britain recognized the United States as an independent nation

b.) the states would pay money to France and Spain for their help.

c.) the United States would pay Great Britain for government property.

Valley Forge