- 1. SOCIAL SECURITYAND MGNREGABYAAKASH GUPTA-10ME30001MOHIT
GAHLAWAT-10ME10028
2. WHAT IS SOCIAL SECURITY Social security is a concept
enshrined in Article 22 ofthe Universal Declaration of Human Rights
which statesthat Everyone, as a member of society, has the right
tosocial security and is entitled to realization, through
nationaleffort and international co-operation and in accordance
withthe organization and resources of each State, ofthe economic,
social and cultural rights indispensable forhis dignity and the
free development of his personality. In simple words it may be
defined as a protection whichsociety provides to its members by
various public measuresagainst social and economic distress. 3. To
provide medical care,educationand other basic needs. To provideTo
provide confidence tomedical andPurposes the individualsincome of
Social that they are security to Security socially andmembers of
economicallysociety.secure. To provideincome security by
maintenance and promotion ofjob creation 4. SOCIAL SECURITY IN
INDIAAccording to article 41 of IndianConstitutionThe State shall,
within the limits of itseconomic capacity and development,make
effective provision for securing theright to work, to education and
to publicassistance in cases of unemployment, oldage, sickness and
disablement, and inother cases of undeserved want. 5. SOCIAL
SECURITY IN INDIA-SCHEMESNational Food For Work ProgrammeJawahar
Rozgar YojanaSaakshar Bharat MissionAntyodaya Anna YojanaIntegrated
Education for Disabled ChildrenIndira Awaas YojanaAnd the most
recent MGNREGA, enacted by legislation on August 25,2005. 6.
NATIONAL FOOD FOR WORKPROGRAMME The objective of the programme was
to provide to150 most backward districts of the country with the
generation of supplementary wage employment and providing of
food-security through creation of need based economic, social and
community assets in these districts. The programme has since been
subsumed in National Rural Employment Guarantee Act which has come
in force in 200 identified districts of the country including 150
NFFWP districts. 7. JAWAHAR ROZGAR YOJANAIt was launched on April
1,1989 by merging the National Rural Employment Program and Rural
Landless Employment Guarantee Programme.It was the largest
employment programme at that time with a general objective of
providing 90-100 days employment per person. Individuals below
poverty line were main targets. 8. SAAKSHAR BHARAT MISSION It aims
to further promote and strengthen Adult Education, specially of
women, by extending educational options to those adults who having
lost the opportunity of access to formal education and crossed the
standard age for receiving such education, now feel a need for
learning of any type, including, literacy, basic education
(equivalency to formal education), vocational education (skill
development), physical and emotional development, practical arts,
applied science, sports, and recreation. 9. ANTYODAYA ANNA YOJANAIt
was launched by government in December 2000 aiming at the poorest
of the families.It aimed at providing the poorest of the poor 35 kg
rice and wheat at Rs.2 per kg wheat and Rs.3 per kg rice 10.
INTEGRATED EDUCATION FORDISABLED CHILDREN It was started with the
objective of Education forAll, and with a purpose of integrating
thephysically and mentally challenged people in thesociety as equal
members. Under this program children were to be providedwith
financial support for books, stationery, schooluniforms,
transportation, special equipment andaids. The state governments
were provided with50 % of the financial assistance to implement
thisprogram in regular schools. 11. INDIRA AWAAS YOJANAThis
programme aims at providing housing for the rural poor in
India.Under this programme ,Rural Development Ministry provides
financial assistance to BPL families for construction of their
houses. 12. MGNREGAMahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Act was enacted on August 25,2005 by a legislation.This
scheme provides individuals with legal Right to Employment for 100
days every financial year to adult members of any rural household
willing to do public work related unskilled manual work at the
statutory minimum wage of 120 . 13. BRIEF HISTORY OF MGNREGA The
act was enacted on August 25,2005 asNational Rural Employment
GuaranteeAct(NREGA). It was renamed as MGNREGA on 2ndOctober,2009.
It was first launched on February 2,2006 fromAnantpur district,
Andhra Pradesh. The act has been extended in phases. In Phase-1 it
covered 200 most backward districtsof country. Currently 625
districts are covered under thisscheme. 14. SOME PROVISIONS AND
FEATURES OFTHE ACT Households with adults who are willing to do
unskilledmanual work have to first register with their local
GramPanchayat after which they are provided with a JobCard. Now any
Job Card holder may apply for employmentand the minimum days of
employment must be 14days. If employment is not provided within 15
days ofapplication, then the applicant is entitled forunemployment
allowance. Work is to be preferably provided within 5 km radius
ofthe village and if it is beyond 5 km, extra wage of 10%of minimum
wage are payable. 15. CONT.At least 1/3rd of the beneficiaries must
be women.Wages are to be given on a weekly basis.Work side
facilities such as crche , drinking water , shade have to be
provided.A 60:40 wage and material ratio has to be maintained.No
contractors and machinery is allowed. 16. FUNDINGInitially 11,300
crores rupees were allotted for the programme in 2006-2007.The
allocation of budget has increased considerably over the years.The
allocation was Rs. 40,000 crore in 2011- 12.But the scheme
witnessed its first cut in funding in 2012-13 as it was allotted
only Rs. 33,000 crore. 17. FUNDING STRUCTURE450004000035000 Budget
outlay(in Rs.30000 Crore)250002000015000 Expenditure(in Rs.10000
Crore) 50000 Expenditure onunskilled wages(in Rs.Crores) 18.
CONT.All of the manual wage payment is provided by the central
government.The unemployment allowance is to be bearded by the state
government.Some percentage of administrative cost is shared by the
central government. 19. CONT. Distribution of Material
Cost25Central GovernmentState Government 75 20. PROCESS FOR MGNREGA
21. MAIN OBJECTIVES Enhancing the livelihood securityUNEMPLOYMEN of
rural households T Arresting rural migration Create rural assets
andSUSTAINABLE infrastructureDEVELOPMEN Create livelihood resource
base T Restore environment 22. WORKS AND ACTIVITIESAs the objective
of MGNREGA works is both employmentgeneration and sustainable rural
development, theactivities done under this plan are done to achieve
theseobjectives. Some of the main activities are:- Rain Water
conservation and Harvesting Afforestation Developing Rural
Connectivity Flood Control Digging of new tanks and ponds 23.
DETAILED LIST OF WORKS UNDERMGNREGA 24. MGNREGA-PERFORMANCE TILL
NOWPerson Days(in crores) 300 250 200 150Women 100STs50SCs 0 25.
CONT.No. of households provided employment(in Crore)65432 No. of
households1 provided employment(in0 Crore) 26. PROBLEMS Many times
muster roles are not present at work sites Sometimes these roles
contain fake names Facilities such as crche are rarely provided.
Due to thisreason women with small children are either forced
toleave their child at home or in some cases not to go forwork.
Payment of wages are often delayed. Many of the time ,additional
wage of 10% of minimumwage for working more than 5 km away from
village is notgiven. In many states the works undertake are
rarelycompleted(for example in Arunachal Pradesh it is 0%) 27.
CONT. Lack of initiative on the part of Sarpanch and the TDO Lack
of awareness at the Taluka and Village leveldespite intensive IEC
activities Lack of technical support 28. WORKS TAKEN UNDER
MGNREGAWorks(in lakhs)807060504030 Works taken up2010 Works
completed 0 29. MEASURES TO IMPROVEEFFICIENCY In some states where
the programme has been a greatfailure till now , the center can
take the responsibility ofimplementation There must be a nodal
agency as a watchdog to overviewperformance of programme Emphasis
should not be only on the employmentgeneration, rather it must
focus on permanent assetcreation The projects must be decided on
the basis of suggestionsgiven by local people as far as possible
Instead of 100 days of work per household, it shouldprovide 100
days of work per adult individual.
