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The presentation includes basic rules
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SEQUENCE OF TENSESAND INDIRECT SPEECH
PRINCIPAL CLAUSE SUBORDINADE CLAUSE
Everybody knows
They have informed us
He will tell everybody
He says
that
PRINCIPAL CLAUSE
SUBORDINADE CLAUSE
Everybody knew
They informed us
He told everybody
He said
CHANGES OF ADVERBIALS, DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS AND
SOME OTHER WORDS
KARNEVSKAYA, p. 206
N.B!
This/that - that/those in time expressionsEg. This day – that day, these years –those years
This/that/ these/those - the when used as adjectives
Eg. “This film is nice," she said.– She said that the film was nice.
This/that - itThese/those they (them) – used as pronouns
Eg. “This is a tree," she said.– She said that it was a tree.
CHANGES IN MODAL VERBS
KARNEVSKAYA, p. 206
N.B!
Must – must/had to to express obligationEg. She told that I must/had to finish the work
Must – must (not had to) to express logical assumption Eg. She got a nine for her test again. She must be very clever.
Shall – should asking for advice.
- offer offering help. Eg. “Shall I help?” - She offered help. “Shall I do it?” – She asked if she should do it.
Used to – no change
CORRECT THE MISTAKES
1. She told to me that she was late.
2. “This is a mistake,” she told. She told me that that was a mistake.
3. He said to me that I was right.
4. Sam said me that Den had to be very rich.
5. Peter says, “Everybody is in the garden.”
Peter tells that everybody was in the garden.”