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What is RFID? RFID = Radio Frequency IDentification.
An ADC (Automated Data Collection) technology that:– uses radio-frequency waves to transfer data between a
reader and a movable item to identify, categorize, track..
– Is fast and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item.
– Attempts to provide unique identification and backend integration that allows for wide range of applications
HISTORY OF RFID Mario W. Cardullo claims to have received the
first U.S. patent for an active RFID tag with rewritable memory on January 23, 1973.
That same year, Charles Walton, a California entrepreneur, received a patent for a passive transponder used to unlock a door without a key. A card with an embedded transponder communicated a signal to a reader near the door
BASIC TERMSA transponder is a wireless
communications, monitoring, or control device that picks up and automatically responds to an incoming signal. Transponders can be either passive or active.
A passive transponder allows a computer or robot to identify an object. Magnetic labels, such as those on credit cards and store items, are common examples.
Simple active transponders are employed in location, identification, and navigation systems for commercial and private aircraft.
HOW RFID WORKSA Radio-Frequency IDentification system
has three pArts:A scanning antenna A transceiver with a decoder to interpret the
data A transponder - the RFID tag - that has been
programmed with information. RFID tag may be of one of two types:Active RFID tagsPassive RFID tags
STEP 1
Antenna fields: Inductive coupling
TransceiverTag Reader
antenna
RFIDTag
IC or microprocessor
antenna
STEP 2
Antenna fields: Propagation coupling
TransceiverTag Reader
antenna
RFIDTag
antenna
PASSIVE RFID TAGNo on-board power source (for example, a battery)
Uses the power emitted from the reader to energize itself and transmit its stored data to the reader.
Reader always communicates first, followed by the
tag.
ACTIVE RFID TAGSHas on-board power source (for example, a
battery; other sources of power, such as solar, are also possible).
Own on-board power supply to transmit its
data to a reader. No need for reader's emitted power for data
transmission.
RFID system components
Eth
erne
t
RFIDReader
RFID Tag RF Antenna Network Workstation
RFID tags: Smart labels
… and a chip attached to it
… on a substrate e.g. a plastic
foil ...
an antenna, printed, etched
or stamped ...
A paper labelwith RFID inside
oSome RFID tags
RFID tag memory Read-only tags
Tag ID is assigned at the factory during manufacturing Can never be changed No additional data can be assigned to the tag
Write once, read many (WORM) tagsData written once, e.g., during packing or manufacturing
Tag is locked once data is written Similar to a compact disc or DVD
Read/Write Tag data can be changed over time
Part or all of the data section can be locked
RFID readersReader functions:
Remotely power tagsEstablish a bidirectional data link Inventory tags, filter resultsCommunicate with networked server(s)Can read 100-300 tags per second
Readers (interrogators) can be at a fixed point such asEntrance/exitPoint of sale
Readers can also be mobile/hand-held.
ADVANTAGES OF RFID RFID tags do not require line-of-sight. They can be
read through cardboard, plastic, wood and even the human body.
RFID tags are less susceptible to damage. An RFID tag is securely placed within an object or embedded in plastic, enabling the system to be used in a variety of harsh environments, such as areas of high temperature or moisture.
RFID Eliminates human errors, reduces labor and provides quick access to a wealth of information.
The data of a read-write (RW) RFID tag can be rewritten a large number of times.
Smart groceriesAdd an RFID tag to all items in
the grocery.
As the cart leaves the store, it passes through an RFID transceiver.
The cart is rung up in seconds.
RFID advantages over bar-codesNo line of sight required for readingMultiple items can be read with a single scan
Each tag can carry a lot of data (read/write)Individual items identified and not just the category
Passive tags have a virtually unlimited lifetimeActive tags can be read from great distances
Can be combined with barcode technology
DISADVANATGES OF RFID RFID systems are typically more expensive than
alternatives such as barcode systems.Tag collision and reader collision are common
problems with RFID. Tag collision occurs when numerous tags are present in a confined area.
RFID technology gives rise to numerous security concerns. Since the system is not limited to line-of-sight, external (and malicious) high-intensity directional antennas could be used to scan sensitive tags.
THANKSSUBMITTED BY:
ANIKET AGGARWALECE 5th SEM
SG-0507