Restless EarthRestless EarthLesson 1Lesson 1

Explain/give reasons: You are now being asked to say why something you have already described is happening. Use ‘because’ to help you answer

these questions. There are often two marks awarded for giving just one reason. Where this

happens you will be expected to give a simple statement and its

elaboration.

Command words tell you exactly what type of information the examiner wants.Command words tell you exactly what type of information the examiner wants.

Compare: Write what is similar and different between

two pieces of information. Use

the word ‘whereas’ to help you compare.

Describe: Just write what you see. You may

be asked to describe what you see on a photo,

graph or map. Do not explain if you are only

asked to describe.

Justify: You could be asked to justify a decision you have made. Explain your choices in terms of why they are better than

other options open to you.

Suggest: This is similar to explain but

tells you that you are expected to

bring in ideas and understanding of our

own and is not provided on the

paper.

What is meant by?: You are being asked to give a

definition of a geographical term. You must know the main terms for each of the

four Units. When asked for a definition, giving an example

is not enough.

Measure: You may be asked to measure on a

map or graph. Don’t guess – measure

accurately using the scale provided.

• Flashcards: On small cards, summarise a case study into one (or both) sides of the cards and refer to it regularly. Make sure that you include key facts and number as you condense the case study to fit the card.

• Colour coding: colour code large pieces of text into sections. For example, it could be the social, economic and environmental impacts of the London Docklands Redevelopment

• Memory tests: You could look at an important diagram (erg the cross section of a meander) for 20 seconds, then cover it over and draw what you remember. Then give yourself another 20 seconds to see what you missed and add it in. Eventually, you will be able to draw the sketch without looking at a copy.

• Key words test: You could ask someone to read out 10 definitions and you have to say what the key word is. Then you could try it the other way around which is harder with someone giving you a key word to define.

• Spider diagrams (mind maps): Write a key theme in the centre of an A3 piece of paper. Write the sub-themes around it with important ideas and case studies to back them up. Look at the example of migration on the next page to help you. Stick your finished spider diagram somewhere visible where you will be able to refer to it often (e.g. fridge door, bedroom wall). Take a look at the migration spiderdiagram on the next page!

• Practice exam questions: Look at the examples of past case study questions. Practice writing responses to these questions using the flashcards or colour coded case studies you have created.

• Summarising: Condense a section of text into a set number of bullet points.

• Reading aloud: Read a case study summary aloud, then try to say aloud all the facts and figures you remember without the summary. You could also read your keyword lists aloud.

• Repeated writing: Copy out pieces of information more than one time (five times would be appropriate). The repetition will help you to fix the facts in your memory.

But I don’t know how to revise! Here are some strategies you could use…But I don’t know how to revise! Here are some strategies you could use…

Study Figure 1, which shows the earths tectonic plates.

(a)Name the type of plate margin labelled A in Figure 1 and explain why new crust forms there.

Figure 1 ^

(3 marks)

At the plate margin labelled C in Figure 1, continental crust meets oceanic crust. Describe how continental crust is different from oceanic crust. ( 2 marks)

Continental crust has less heavy minerals than oceanic crust and consequently is lower in density. Because of this it floats higher in the mantle than oceanic crust, and when a tectonic collision occurs between continental and oceanic plates the lighter continental plate overrides an oceanic plate and is forced upward, while the oceanic plate subducts.

Figure 1

Part (b)

The San Andreas Fault is labelled B in Figure 1. Crust is neither formed or destroyed at this plate margin. What is this type of plate called?

Figure 1 ^

(1 mark)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bf4iJvrAv-M

Watch the short video and explain how volcanoes are formed.

You should be able to give 3 ways and examples.

http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.co.uk/2007/01/plate-boundaries.html

http://geobytesgcse.blogspot.co.uk/2007/01/volcanoes.htm

Draw a quick sketch and annotate

What is a Super Volcano?

Be able to describe the shape. The consequences of an eruption. Named example with information.

Yellowstone, Montana super volcano USA

• Last erupted 630 000 years ago• They do not have cones like regular volcanoes, they have depressions called calderas• Magma chamber underneath is 80km long, 40km wide, 8km deep• Calderas – Rising magma cannot escape and forms a bulge-Cracks appear, gas and ash erupt from magma chamber- Chamber collapses forming caldera

Effects likely to refer to impact in immediate area of an eruption –•Many deaths (87000 predicted),• large ash cloud rising 40 – 50km into atmosphere, ash 15cm think covering buildings within 10000km.•flights suspended.• livestock and farmland affected. •The UK would see the arrival of the ash 5 days after the eruption.•Temperatures would fall between 12 and 15 degrees. Parts of Europe andAmerica and Asia would see constant snow cover for 3 years.Crops would fail, monsoon rains would fail, 40% of population could face starvation.

Fold Mountain, How are they formed and their uses.

Andes

Farming• Subsistence farmers grow subsistence crops on the steep slopes (potatoes) •Terraces creates flat land on slopes – retains water and limits movement of soil.Cash crops like soybeans , cotton and rice are grown in the lower valley.• Llamas are used for transport of materials for irrigation and building (to inaccessible areas)• Llamas carry over 25% of their weight (125-200kg)•Used in mining industryFemales are for meat, milk and wool for clothes. H.E.P – steep, narrow valley are suitable for construction of dams and steeprelief gives fast flowing water needed to turn the turbines. Peru has a numberof schemes, including Yuncan project and El Platinal project that is underconstruction.Mining•Andean countries range in top 10 for tin, nickel, silver, and gold.• over ½ exports are in mining•Yanacocha mine is largest gold mine (US has 51% shares)led to growth ofNearby Cajamarca had its population increase from 30 000 240 000. Results in increased crime and lack of services. Tourism – high mountains provide spectacular scenery of high peaks, valleys,lakes and glaciers. In addition, there are ancient areas of settlement such asMacchu Picchu and the Inca Trail – a 45km trek in the mountains.

Time for reflection

!

•Working with a partner talk for one minute about the content of today's lesson

What went well?Where you need to revise in more depth.Be honest with your self