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Relative Pronouns
The following definitions are selected from the celebrated book by Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary.
You can find the full book here.
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Choose the pronoun which fits best in the blank space in each definition.
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If you have problems with vocabulary keep the mouse over the troublesome word (if no explanation appears, you’ll have to look up on your own).
CYNIC, n. A blackguard ______ faulty vision sees things as they are, not as they ought to be. Hence the custom among the Scythians of plucking out a cynic's eyes to
improve his vision.
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EFFECT, n. The second of two phenomena which always occur together in the same order. The first, called a
Cause, is said to generate the other—which is no more sensible than it would be for one ______ has never
seen a dog except in the pursuit of a rabbit to declare the rabbit the cause of a dog.
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LOVE, n. A temporary insanity curable by marriage or by removal of the patient from the influences under
______ he incurred the disorder. This disease, like caries and many other ailments, is prevalent only among civilized races living under artificial conditions;
barbarous nations breathing pure air and eating simple food enjoy immunity from its ravages. It is sometimes fatal, but more frequently to the physician than to the
patient.
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Well, be more cautious when it comes to love…
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Move on!
PILGRIM, n. A traveller that is taken seriously. A Pilgrim Father was one who, leaving Europe in
1620 because not permitted to sing psalms through his nose, followed it to Massachusetts,
______ he could personate God according to the dictates of his conscience.
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PLOW, n. An implement ______ cries aloud for hands accustomed to the pen.
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the author!
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POLYGAMY, n. A house of atonement, or expiatory chapel, fitted with several stools of repentance, as distinguished from monogamy, ______ has but one.
which wherewho whose when why that
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DEGENERATE, adj. Less conspicuously admirable than one's ancestors. The contemporaries of Homer were striking examples of degeneracy; it required ten of them to raise a rock or a riot that one of the heroes of the Trojan war could have raised with ease. Homer never tires of sneering at "men who live in these degenerate days," which is perhaps ______ they suffered him to beg his bread—a marked instance of returning good for evil, by the way, for if they had forbidden him he would certainly have starved.
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Pablo Picasso, 1937More information
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EXILE, n. One who serves his country by residing abroad, yet is not an ambassador.An English sea-captain being asked if he had read "The Exile of Erin," replied: "No, sir, but I should like to anchor on it." Years afterwards, ______ he had been hanged as a pirate after a career of unparalleled atrocities, the following memorandum was found in the ship's log that he had kept at the time of his reply:“Aug. 3d, 1842. Made a joke on the ex-Isle of Erin. Coldly received. War with the whole world!”
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Sorry, not that one!Try again!
Vocabulary
Blackguard
/ˈblægɑrd, -ərd, ˈblækˌgɑrd/
noun
1. a low, contemptible person; scoundrel.
2. Obsolete
a. a group of menial workers in the kitchen of a large household.
b. the servants of an army.
c. camp followers.
verb (used with object)
3. to revile in scurrilous language.
Scythians
The Scythians (/ˈsɪθi.ən/ or /ˈsɪði.ən/; from Greek Σκύθης, Σκύθοι) were Iranian equestrian tribes who were mentioned as inhabiting large areas in the central Eurasian steppes starting with the 7th century BC up until the 4th century AD.[1][2][3] Their territories during the Iron Age were known to classical Greek sources as "Scythia". Their historical appearance coincided with the rise of equestrian semi-nomadism from the Carpathian Mountains of Europe to Mongolia in the Far East during the 1st millennium BC.[4][5] The "classical Scythians" known to ancient Greek historians were located in the northern Black Sea and fore-Caucasus region. However, other Scythian groups encountered in Near Eastern and Achaemenid sources existed in Central Asia.[6] Moreover, the term "Scythian" is also used by modern scholars in an archaeological context, i.e. any region perceived to display attributes of the "Scytho-Siberian" culture.[5]
Prevalent
• prev·a·lent
• /ˈprɛvələnt/
• adjective
• 1. widespread; of wide extent or occurrence; in general use or acceptance.
• 2. having the superiority or ascendancy.
Atonement
/əˈtoʊnmənt/
noun
1. satisfaction or reparation for a wrong or injury; amends.
2. ( sometimes initial capital letter ) Theology . the doctrine concerning the reconciliation of God and humankind, especially as accomplished through the life, suffering, and death of Christ.
3. Christian Science. the experience of humankind's unity with God exemplified by Jesus Christ.
4. Archaic. reconciliation; agreement.
Expiatory
/ˈɛkspiəˌtɔri, -ˌtoʊri/
adjective
able to make atonement or expiation; offered by way of expiation: expiatory sacrifices.
Repentance
/rɪˈpɛntns/
noun
1. deep sorrow, compunction, or contrition for a past sin, wrongdoing, or the like.
2. regret for any past action.
Sneer
/snɪər/
verb (used without object)
1. to smile, laugh, or contort the face in a manner that shows scorn or contempt: They sneered at his pretensions.
2. to speak or write in a manner expressive of derision or scorn.
