welcome

ANEMIAPresentation on

IN TEENAGE GIRLSBY the students of IIIrd biochemistry.Sreekrishna college guruvayur.

ANEMIA

Definition: Decreased level of Hb in blood below reference level for age and sex with plasma level with abnormal value.

Anemia is not a disease but a sign of some underlying disease.

ANEMIA

Hb 13.5 – 14 gm %

R.B.C. 4.5 – 4.7 million/cu mm

Serum Iron 50 – 150 μg / dL

TIBC 300 – 360 μg / dL

Transferrin saturation 25 – 50 %

S. Ferritin level 30 μg / Lit

Red Cell protoporphyrin 30 μg / dL

Erythropoietin 15.20 U / Lit

MCV 76 – 100 fL

MCH 27 – 33 pg

MCHC 33.37 gm / dL

PCV 32 – 40 %

Normal Levels

WHO Classification of Anemia

Degree%•Moderate •Severe •Very Sever

Hb%•7-10.9•4-6.9•>4

the average human has 5 litres of blood

it is a transporting fluid

it carries vital substances to all parts of the body

Blood

BLOOD

BLOOD CELLS

RBC WBC PLATELETS

PLASMA

COMPONENTS OF BLOOD COMPONENTS OF BLOOD

Components of Whole Blood

Withdraw blood and place in tube

1 2 Centrifuge

Plasma(55% of whole blood)

Formed elements

WBC and platelets(<1% of whole blood)

Erythrocytes(45% of whole blood)

Haemoglobin gives red blood cells their colour

can carry up to 4 molecules of O2

associates and dissociates with

O2

contains iron

I

RON

ABS

ORP

TIO

N

Essential for Hb formation.

Lack of anemia cause Fe deficiency anemia.

Vit c needs for iron abspn.

Essential for Hb formation.Lack of anemia cause Fe deficiency anemia.Vit c needs for iron abspn.

IRON : AN ESSENTIAL ELEMENT

IRON RICH FOODS

IRON RICH FOODSSPINACH

DRIED FRIUTS

CEREALS

EGG

RED MEAT.

CHOCOLATE

SYMPTOMSSYMPTOMS

Infection

Lack of Concentratio

n

Weakness

Irritability

Palpitation

Fatigue

Dizziness

Symptoms

other symptoms:

HEADACHE

HAIR LOSS

WEAKNESS

BRITTLE NAILS

PALE SKIN

DIFFICULTIES IN CONCENTRATE

Worm Infestations

¨ Common cause of anemia in developing countries

¨ Most common – hookworm infestation, Round worm, whip worm, etc.

¨ Oral iron therapy becomes ineffective

ANEMIA: LOW ERYTHROCYTES

Hemorrhagic anemia

Hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

result of acute or chronic loss of blood

Hemorrhagic anemia

prematurely ruptured erythrocytes

Hemolytic anemia

Aplastic anemia

destruction or inhibition of red bone marrow

Thalassemia

Sickle-cell anemia

Anemia: Abnormal Hemoglobin

absent or faulty globin chain in hemoglobin

◦Erythrocytes are thin, delicate, and deficient in hemoglobin

Thalassemia

results from a defective gene

◦Codes for an abnormal hemoglobin called hemoglobin S (HbS)

◦This defect causes RBCs to become sickle-shaped in low oxygen situations

Sickle-cell anemia

SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Anemia: Decreased Hemoglobin Content

Iron deficiency anemiaPernicious anemia

According to WHO,most common nutrient deficiency in world.

◦A secondary result of hemorrhagic anemia

◦Inadequate intake of iron-containing foods

◦Impaired iron absorption

Iron deficiency anemia

Deficiency of vitamin B12

Lack of intrinsic factor needed for absorption of B12

Treatment is intramuscular injection of B12

Pernicious anemia

ANAEMIA: Preventable, Yet a Problem!!

Management Options

Treat the cause before conception balanced diet, education and

health support. Build up iron stores during

adolescent phase

Injectable Iron Human RecombinantErythropoietin

Treatment

ParenteralOral IronBlood

transfusion

Oral Iron Therapy Ideal dose – 100mg per day (prophylactic)Ferrous gluconate, ferrous fumarate, ferrous

succinate, ferrous sulphate, ferrous ascorbate citrate

Rise in Hb – 0.8 gm / dl / weekSide effects -G I upset most common

Increase your intake of iron

Iron from animal sources is more easily absorbed than iron from plant foods.

Vitamin C increases the uptake of iron, so add foods containing vitamin C (eg. orange juice, tomato salad)

Lack of vitamin B12 can contribute to anemia,

intake of foods containing vitamin B12, such as beef, pork, eggs, cheese and milk.

Increase your intake of folate by adding these foods to your diet: green leafy vegetables, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, whole grains

Diet Guide For Anemia

TheWorld Health Organisation

states…

‘transfusion should be prescribed ONLY for conditions for which there is NO OTHER

TREATMENT’

1st may 2010 – scientific anemia day.

According to WHO:

THANK YOU VERY MUCH

PRESENTED BY :

IIIrd biochemistry studentsSreekrishna college guruvayur.