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PRE-PRIMARY
SCHOOLINGINDIA AND ABROAD
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INDEX:1.WHAT IS PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLING
2.HOW IT EVOLVED
3.WHY IT IS ESSENTIAL
4.TYPES OF PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLING
5.BEST PRACTICES
6. IMPROVEMENTS IN PRE-PRIMARY SCHOOLING
7.HOW FAR INDIA IS SUCCESSFUL
8.SUMMARY
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What is pre-primary schooling
Offers early childhood education to children
between the ages of 3 and 5.
It offers, prior to the commencement of compulsory
education.
Also known as nursery school, Kindergarten or
primary school.
Consist of nursery, LKG and UKG.
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How it evolved:
School was restricted to children who had already
learned to read and write at home.
Attempts to make school accessible to orphans or
to the children of women who worked in factories.
During 18th century many pre-schools came up in
different parts of Europe.
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Why is it essential:
Helps in physical development.
Helps in inculcating important qualities like team-work, self help and mental development.
Helps in motor and cognitive development.
The objective of these early years of learning is to produce a child who is beginning to feel confident about himself, enjoys creative tasks, can take simple decisions easily and enjoys the process of learning. The curriculum must therefore give importance to every aspect of development.
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Why is it essential:
Involve in practise of self development.
Learn to use daily tools like scissors ,brush etc.
Get familiarity with basics of arithmetic's and
language.
Explore different activities like running and allied
sports.
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Types of pre primary schooling
Due to difference in approach which sets the
curriculum there are broadly three types of pre
primary education system all over the world.
Namingly Reggio Emilia, Montessori, Waldorf.
Others are Highscope curriculum, Playway method.
Most of them named after their founder.
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Montessori Curriculum
The Montessori Curriculum is an integrated thematic approach that ties the
separate disciplines together into studies of the physical universe, the world of
nature, and the human experience. In this way, one lesson leads to many
others.
Pros:
1. Montessori schools are international in scope; there are multiple teacher
training centres and schools around the world to choose from, including those
specifically designed to assist children with developmental disabilities.
2. Certified teachers are typically friendly and approachable, which allow students
to become more comfortable with their own learning style.
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Cons of Montessori curriculum
Cons:
1. Increasing demand for Montessori services hasn't always kept
up with the current number of available resources needed to
meet a particular country's educational goals. Therefore, long
Montessori waiting lists have become the “new norm”.
2. Some Montessori schools are costly, depending on location.
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Others curriculum:
Highscope method :
In HighScope's vision of preschool education, children are doers and problem
solvers, and adults are partners who share in children’s
discoveries and gently guide their learning.
Reggio Emilia
It highly nurtures the correlation of a child’s natural development and his or her
close relationship with the environment. — Children are encouraged to dialogue,
critique, compare, negotiate, hypothesize and problem solve through mixed-group
work. In-depth studies are conducted on concepts, ideas, and interests made
within a particular
group of children.
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Others curriculum:
Playway Method:
Unlike Montessori, Playway may not be a structured and documented
system but more an adaptation of best practices from across the world, with
a greater emphasis on physical activities such as role-play, music and
movement, art and crafts, stories.
Waldorf Method:
This method views education as a far greater responsibility than simply
reading, writing, and arithmetic as they are taught the importance of social
responsibility, peace, respect, and compassion. The Waldorf model encourages
children to remain with the same teacher all the way through the primary
grades building long-term relationships and feelings of security.
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Improvements in Pre-Schooling:
Globally:
THE PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO
IN ARAB STATES INCREASED FROM 15% IN1999 TO 23% IN
2011.[SOURCE: UNESCO]
BUT ITS INTERESTING TO NOTE THAT EVEN GLOBALLY THE
PRE-PRIMARY GROSS ENROLMENT RATIO IS VERY LESS I.E.
COMPARED TO THE 89% PRIMARY NET ENROLMENT
RATIO.[SOURCE: UNESCO]
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Improvements in Pre-Schooling:
Globally:
• ALGERIA WHICH STANDS OUT AS A COUNTRY WITH HIGHEST
SHARE OF GOVT. PROVISION IN REGION AT 86% ACHIEVED
LARGEST EXPANSION IN PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION FROM
JUST 2% IN 1999 TO 75% IN 2011 AS A RESULT OF A REFORM
THAT INTRODUCED A ‘PRE-PRIMARY CURRICULUM’ IN 2004.
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Goods step by Indian government
Government of India has done commendable job.
Dept. of School Education and Literacy has sponsored scheme “Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan” to assist states in universalization of elementary education.
‘Educate for Life’ and ‘Rajasthan Bal Kalyan Samiti’ have been operating an integrated education health and livelihood project called ‘Hunar Ghar Project’ in Bakhel village of Udaipur district, Rajasthan since 2007.
In a recent survey conducted in the village it was found that literacy and health services of the region have improved significantly.
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Goods step by Indian government
‘Pratigya’ is an independent youth initiative started in 2007 under Dr
A.P.J. Abdul Kalam to ensure Right to Choose School with Right to
Education for each and every child and mobilize youth to action.
It facilitates students from underprivileged families access to a good
school around their nearby location with a 25% reservation for them.
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Education is the natural process which develops spontaneously in the human being
-Maria Montessori
ONE OF THE BEST THINGS ABOUT PRE SCHOOL IS THAT YOU CHILDREN
LEARN TO LEARN.
AS PER A STUDY BY TIME.COM CHILDREN THAT GO TO PRESCHOOL ON AN
AVERAGE EARNS MORE MONEY THAN THE CHILDREN THAT DO NOT
CHILDREN THAT GO TO PRESCHOOL ARE LESS LIKELY TO GO TO JAIL.
PRE SCHOOL WILL PREPARE YOUR KID FOR BETTER TIME DURING
SCHOOL, FOR THE KID WILL KNOW WHAT TO EXPECT FROM CLASS ROOM
ENVIRONMENT.
PRE SCHOOL WILL HELP YOUR TODDLER TO DEVELOP IMPORTANT
SKILLS,SUCH AS TAKING TURNS,LISTENING TO OTHERS,HELPING ONE
ANOTHER ,ETC.INTERACTING WITH OTHER CHILDREN WITH THE SAME
AGE WHICH CAN TEACH YOUR CHILD TO COMMUNICATE BETTER.
16So what pre school do actually?
India is home to the largest population of malnourished and hunger-stricken
people and children leading to high infant and maternal mortality. Along with
these issues are a deluge of problems ranging from diseases, lack of education
etc.
To combat this situation, the government of India 1975 initiated the integrated
development services(ICDS) scheme which operates at the state level to address
the health issues of small children, all over the country.
Social interaction is the greatest skill your child can learn at such an early age
for it will determine how he behaves with other people for rest of his life. When
you send your toddler to preschool at any early age, he will learn how to
interact with people.
preschool can help your child develop a sense of self and independent.
Your child will not have to waste time trying to get adjusted to other children.
Child is made familiar with the classroom environment and the lesson he is
supposed to learn after he has joined the school.
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Children are confined to learning in a ways that mostly don’t match how
humans learn best:
The way schools approach learning is like being taught how to rub with lead
shoes, if its begun in preschool its so you can spend 12+ years running with lead
shoes. Children are born as learning machines, they don’t need to learn how to
learn.
Children learn to ignore their feelings rather than growing to understand them.
They’re told they must go to school even if feels wrong that day.
Parents feel they arent competent to do what preschools do.
Again, this is really the saddest part, parents are made to feel they need experts
to help their children learn. Preschools make all sorts of promise as if they had a
lock of the knowledge of what preschoolers need most. The best they can
provide is a rich environment but it can’t match the nurturing and happy
exploration that a parent can offer.
18Demerits of pre-schools
Flaws of pre-school in India
The Government of India does not give much importance to pre-
school education.
There is not enough awareness regarding this stage of education
in India and hence most of the students of India are deprived of
pre-school education.
There is dearth of trained pre-school teachers in India.
There is no proper curriculum designed for pre-schools in India.
Most of the pre-schools in India lack proper study and play
materials due to shortage of funds from the government.
The lower strata of the Indian society is deprived of pre-school
education.
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Strategies for improving pre-school
education in India
Appoint only those teachers who are specially trained for the purpose by
the courses such as NTT(Nursery Teachers’ Training), JBT(Junior Basic
Training), etc.
Design a proper fixed curriculum for pre-school education by the
Government of India.
Reserve seats for children from lower income groups so as to make pre-
school education affordable to all.
Lower the student-teacher ratio, thus enabling the teacher to give personal
attention to each child.
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Continued…
Implementation of parent training programs:
• Educate parents about timely vaccination, preventing child
abuse, how to answer questions put forward by little ones, etc.
• Better parenting skills to make a positive impact on the child’s
life.
Compulsory lessons on health and nutrition to help inculcate
healthy eating habits and prevent diseases.
Combined efforts from educationists, teachers, parents and
Government needed.
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Summary:
• AS, PER UNESCO THE BEST WAY O IMPROVE PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION GLOBALLY IS
TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF TEACHERS PROVIDING IT AND THUS PROVIDE THE BEST
TEACHERS IN THIS FIELD. IT CAN BE ACHIEVED THROUGH ITS 5 FOLD SCHEME AS
BELOW:
1. ATTRACTING BEST TEACHERS.
2. IMPROVING TEACHER EDUCATION SO THAT ALL CHILDREN CAN LEARN.
3. GET TEACHERS WHERE THEY ARE MOST NEEDED. EXAMPLE IN INDIA THERE IS A
HUGE NEED OF TEACHERS CAPABLE OF TEACHING PRE-PRIMARY LEVEL KIDS.
4. PROVIDING INCENTIVES TO RETAIN THE BEST TEACHERS.
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Summary:
5. HAVING SOME BASIC QUALIFICATION CRITERIA FOR PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION TEACHERS.
PROVIDING AWARENESS ABOUT NEED OF PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION CAN SIGNIFICANTLY
HELP TO IMPROVE PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION GLOBALLY AND SEE MORE GOVT.
INVOLVEMENT.
IN INDIA, SOME PROBLEMS AS STATED BELOW NEED TO BE ADDRESSED PROPERLY TO
IMPROVE PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION:-
VERY LESS GOVT. INVOLVEMENT IN PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION OF CHILDREN ESPECIALLY
THE UNDERPRIVILEGED ONES.
LACK OF AWARENESS AMONG PEOPLE ABOUT THE NEED OF PRE-PRIMARY EDUCATION
FOR CHILDREN.
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