SCHOOL OF AGRICULTURE OF NORTHEASTERN EANOR

ENGLISH TEACHER OSCAR GARCIA

Practice English

RAMIREZ VENTURA JHONATAN ESTUARDO 5TO P.A

GROUP 3

PLAINS FORGE, ZACAPA 12 THE MARCH 2015

Presente Perfect : 'There is, there are'

Tiene el significado de "haber". Se forma con "there" seguido del presente del verbo "to be" en singular o plural, según corresponda.

There is a book Hay un libro

There are some books Hay unos libros

'There is' se utiliza con los sustantivos contables en singular y con sustantivos incontables.

'There are' se utiliza con los sustantivos contables en plural.

Exercise:

There is no sense in crying __________________

There is no point in waiting _________________

Future tense of have to

Future tense of have to expresses an action or situation that will occur in the future. This tense is formed by using will/shall with the simple form of the verb.

The surgeon is going to perform the first bypass in Minnesota.

We can also use the present tense form with an adverb or adverbial phrase to show future time.

The president speaks tomorrow. (Tomorrow is a future time adverb.)

Exercise

The speaker of the House will finish her term in May of 1998._______________

The future tense can also be expressed by using am, is, or are with going to._________________

Introduction to the passive voice

Passive Voice

Mice are eaten by cats.

Although the passive voice is less common than the active voice, there are several good reasons to sometimes use the passive. On this page we look at how to construct the passive voice and when and why to use it. (For a basic explanation of the difference between active and passive, please see voice.)

How do we make the passive?

The basic structure of a passive clause is very simple:

subject + auxiliary verb

be + main verb

past participle + by + agent

Exercise:

I am employed by Apple. ______________________

You will be woken at 6. _______________________

Present Simple Passive

We use passive forms when we emphasize the action of the predicate. The verb (drink.drank.drunk) is used in its past participle form or regular verbs increasing ed, play -. Played.

The structure will be Object + auxiliary to be (am / is / are), verb in past participle form + subject.

Exercise:

Many people read this writer's articles.

Jackie milks the cows every morning.

Past Perfect Tense + yet / already

Present Perfect Tense - Already and Yet

Already means that something happened earlier than we expected. With Present Perfect already usually goes after have or has and before the main verb.

Examples

- We've already had our breakfast.

- When are you going to do your homework?

- No, thanks. I've already had one."

Yet means that something that we expected has happened or hasn't happened. We usually put it at the end of a sentence.

Examples

- Has the post arrived yet?

- Have you done your homework?

- Haven't you got ready yet? Look at the time!

Exercise:

I haven't phoned home _______ Christmas

We've been here ________ nine o'clock.

Quantifiers how much/ how many/ to much

some/ any Los cuantificadores indican la cantitad de un nombre. Son repuestas a la pregunta "¿Cuántos?". Al igual que los artículos, los cuantificadores definen a un nombre y siempre están situados delante del nombre. Algunos se pueden usar sólo con nombres contables, otros, sólo con Many

Many: Expresa la idea de gran cantidad. Es utilizado sobretodo en frases negativas e interrogativas con el nombre contable en plural. Se puede usar "many" en frases afirmativas, aunque no es muy común. Normalmente, usamos otros cuantificadores como "a lot."nombres incontables y otros, con ambos.

There are not many tourists.

Much: Como "many", expresa la idea de gran cantidad y es utilizado sobretodo en frases negativas e interrogativas. La diferencia con "many" es que usamos "much" sólo con nombres incontables en singular. Se puede usar "much" en frases afirmativas, aunque sería más formal y no tan común.

We have much to do!

Exercise:

How many cats do you have? _________________

How much money does he have? ______________

Some / any

Some: Se utiliza tanto para los nombres o sustantivos contables en singular como para los nombres o sustantivos contables en plural. Se usa en frases afirmativas e interrogativas (para afirmar algo); se sustituye "any" en frases negativas o interrogativas. Significa una cantidad indefinida, pero limitada.

She has some apples

Any: Se utiliza en los mismos contextos que "some," pero en frases negativas o interrogativas.

I do not have any cats.

Exercise:

He does not have any money. _______________

Are there some tourists? ___________________

Must / Might

Might (past form of may):Used to suggest a smaller possibility than may does (actually, might is more common than may in American English):

He might have finished it.

I might go see a doctor.

I might not come this time.

Must: Used to express something formally required or necessary:

I must complete the project by this week.

The government must provide health care for everybody.

Everyone must save the natural resources of the earth.

The building must have a fire alarm.

Exercise:

There must be an accident. _________________________

She must be very tired. ____________________________

You might have lost it. ______________________________

The store might have been closed today. ______________

Simple Past of Can

Simple Past of Can: La forma del verbo can en Simple Past es could y es la misma para todas las personas. Como es un verbo modal, la forma negativa no precisa el verbo to do sino que se forma simplemente añadiendo not, que contraído es n't.

could - could not - couldn't

I can ski I could ski ten years ago

Exercise:

I can't sleep I couldn't sleep last night ____________________

You can speak English very well. Can you speak French?_________________

You could understand him perfectly. Could you understand her?_____________

Reported Speech

Reported Speech (El estilo directo y indirecto): Cuando queremos comunicar o informar de lo que otra persona ha dicho, hay dos maneras de hacerlo: utilizando el estilo directo o el estilo indirecto. Cuando queremos informar exactamente de lo que otra persona ha dicho, utilizamos el estilo directo. Con este estilo lo que la persona ha dicho se coloca entre comillas ("...") y deberá ser palabra por palabra.

Ejemplos:

I am going to London next week," she said.

Do you have a pen I could borrow," he asked.

Exercise:

Alice said, "I love to dance. _________________

Chris asked, Would you like to have dinner with me tomorrow night __________

Verbs Can, mustn´t, have to

Can: Is one of the most commonly used modal verbs in English. It can be used to express ability or opportunity, to request or offer permission, and to show possibility or impossibility.

Examples:

I can ride a horse. Ability

Exercise:

She cannot stay out after 10 PM. Permission _____________

Can you hand me the stapler? Request ________________

Mustn´t: We use must not to say that something is not permitted or allowed, for example:subject + must not + main verb

Passengers must not talk to the driver.

Exercise:

I mustn't forget my keys. _____________________

You mustn't disturb him. _____________________

Have to

Have To

"Have to" is used to express certainty, necessity, and obligation.

Examples:

This answer has to be correct. Certainty

Exercise:

The soup has to be stirred continuously to prevent burning. Necessity _______________

They have to leave early. Obligation ________________

Bibliografia

http://leo.stcloudstate.edu/grammar/tenses.html

http://www.vitutor.com/gramatica_inglesa/verbs/there_is.html

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-voice-passive.htm

https://espanol.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20090608152301AAiuf5W

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/few.php

http://www.eclecticenglish.com/grammar/PresentPerfect1C.html

http://www.mailxmail.com/curso-ingles-nivel-intermedio/simple-past-verbo-can

http://www.curso-ingles.com/gramatica-inglesa/reported.php

https://www.englishclub.com/grammar/verbs-modals-have-to-must-not-3.htm

http://www.englishpage.com/modals/haveto.html