English Practice 1

7/28/2019 English Practice 1

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Taylor is a national correspondent working in Australia.Nationals and Liberals coalition. Coalition = lin minh, lin hip.Power companies are warning of price volatility, threats to future supplies and even a multi-million dollar

lawsuit unless the Labor Government gives them an increase in compensations of 3.5 billion dollars.The generators are conducting a lobbying campaign to convince the parliament to approve the bills proposed

(mooted) by the government.A majority of Liberal backbenchers want a secret ballot in the partyroom to resolve whether or not to pass the

amended proposition.

Secret ballot = b phiu kn Backbencher= ng ko wan trng trong Quc hi # frontbencher. Litigation = lawsuit = kin tng. Instinctively (adv) = intuitively (adv) = predicated on instincts (intuitions) Instill sth in sb/sth (v) = to make sb behave in a particular way over a period of time.Treatment of the electricity generation industry has remained one of the final points under contention. The

Coalition has required the five-year compensation scheme for the generators to be extended for 10 to 15 years.Research has shown that adolescents are well-social if they have been instilled discipline by parents.Dire consequences of the current Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme were enthusiastically discussed at the

Parliament House yesterday. Serious financial impairment of the assets of private investors, resulting in increasedprice risk for households and a wide range of businesses.

Generators are coerced to sell electricity on the volatile (mercurial) spot market rather than throughout long-term contracts.

The federal government is in danger of breaching a bilateral investment treaty with Hong Kong. Treaty with sth = hip c.This treaty stated that we would have to recoup the losses for Chinese when the scheme severely diminishes

the value of assets (financial impairment).The president is aware of the claims about the potential litigation and he said that they do not have any meri

to conduct it.When the white paper was released, the three energy market regulators all indicated that under this package

risks for energy security had been significantly mitigated (alleviated).Clean coal will continue to squeeze out a number of other kinds of renewable energy as an efficient and cheap

source of energy, despite a cost of carbon many times higher than currently envisaged in the Rudd governmentsemissions trading scheme.

According to a secret independent report commissioned by the Labour NSW government, the abundance andefficiency of clean coal, along with the contemporary technologies, will undercut the price of electricity produced bysolar or wind for many years.

The emails also acknowledge the frustration of trying to find evidence to prove that climate change is man-made.

Funds spurn infrastructure. Spurn = loi b, coi thng.Australian super funds are exploiting the strong dollars by investing overseas.Superannuation funds are extremely reluctant (grudging) investing their one billion dollars in loca

infrastructure despite growing pressure for them to take over major Australian assets.The newspapers released today claim that superannuation funds consider investing in the infrastructure is too

risky, raising the possibility that most Australian assets will become foreign-owned.The head of federal governments treasury has called forthe massiveconsolidation of funds.He said that the Australian superannuation funds were directly missing outon many opportunities.More of Australian assets seem destined tofall intooffshore ownership, as governments and official inquiries

wrestle with legal barriers and boardroom rivalries that thwart (hinder) a faster consolidation of one-billion dollarsuperannuation funds.

Thwart (v) = cn tr = impede = hamper = hinder Wrestle with (v) = grapple with (v)Investment decision-makers are very cautious (wary) when investing in overseas assets even though they have

taken the advantage of strong Australian dollars.The complexity and disparity in the nature of bid processes are preventing the nations savings from being

channeled into (diverted) economic development.


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In theory (theoretically), private investment through super funds become a substitute forgovernment fundingofprojects, and allows the release of government fundsfor other spending priorities.

Australian super funds can have vastly different appetites for infrastructure investment and remain wary ofpromised returns.

Be wary of sth = be careful with sth Address sth to do sth (v) = to think about a problem and find out a way to solve it.The federal government could address the current issues to open a way formore investment in infrastructure.Increasing transparency, reducing risks and clarifying regulations. Agenda (n) = a list of important issues to be discussed

The chief executive has dismissed the Mr. Coopers call for more direct investment in infrastructure as thesuggestions are too risky.

Infrastructure experts are strongly opposed (face with strong aversion) to strict limits on investment bysuperannuation funds in unlisted assets.

Intermediary (n) between A and B = vai tr trung gian Financial institutions act as intermediaries between lenders and borrowers. Intermediary (a) [only before nouns] Stymie (v) = t vo tnh hung kh x. Fallout (n) = bad results of a situation Deplore (v) = strongly disapprove of sth and critize it Deplorable (a) = appalling (a) = miserable (a) = very bad and unacceptable, deplorably (adv)

The Green leaderseeks a spark action on the issue.He would ignite a debate on squeezing the tax heavens and put a motion to the Senate that deplores theoffshore tax shelters.

Bona fide (a) = legal Ratify (v) = ph chun = enact (v), ratification (n) Govern (v) = manage.It is seeking to have a ratified treaty before the end of the year, or convince politicians to support an

alternative legislation with no black-list.The major political parties must vote in favour or against his motion. Remedial (a) = solving a hard situation [only before nouns]Remedial actions must be taken now as an effort to thwart slippages behind the schedule. Remedy to sth (n) = a solution.Finding a remedy to unemployment should be debated at the Parliament House. Remedy (v) = put right (v) = rectify (v) = to correct or improve sth Remediable (a) = curable (a) # incorregible (a), incurable (a) Weary of sth/doing sth (a) = not interested or losing enthusiasm. Weary sb (v) = to make sb tired or lose enthusiasm = to make sb lethargic Weariness (n)Our strategic gestation has been dramatically stalled by weariness amongst employees.The government made a bold promise in this years budget with its commitment to return the budget to

surplusby keeping a lid on spending (by restricting extravagance). Rein sb/sth back or rein sth in (v) = control sth/sb more strictlyThe new prime minister is reining in the national media industry.

It is nearly impossible to rein in pension or medical costs as the population ages. Courage (n) = bravery (n), courageous (a) = brave (a) # cowardly (a)Since the inception of group of courageous advisors, the Prime Minister has led the nation to the era of

burgeoning development.She showed a true courage in this mission. I want it to be mentioned in your report to the prime minister.Thepace at which we return to surplus is a function of political courage but nothing else.Applications of the theorypostulated by prominent scientists are under way. Postulate (v) = posit (v) = to suggest that sth is true, postulate (n)High birth rates and immigration levels will lift the population in 40 years time to 35 million people

compared with 28 millionpostulated last year. Morph sth in sth (v) = to automatically transform into sth


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Dodgy (a) = suspicious (a) Dodgy (a) = not working well, involving threats and difficulties.International Monetary Fund research says that the rise in long-term deficits equivalent to 2 per cent of GDP

as the financial crisis morphs into the ageing crisis will bring higher interest rates. Dodge (v) = to avoid doing sth = thwart (v)They must strive to dodge theburgeoning spending. Pitch for sth (v) = persuade (v)They would have to pitch royal customers for staying in touch. Strait (n) = a very difficult situation Revamp (v) = ameliorate (v) = improve sths appearance, revamp (n) = amelioration (n)We have had some contracts of revamping the historic building. Stonewall (v) = to delay a discussion by refusing to answer questions Plea for sth (n) = an urgent emotional request Plead sb for sth (v) = to emotionally request, pleading (a) Vantage (n) = a position from which you watch sth Vapid (a) = dull (a) = lack of intelligence, vapidity (n) Eloquent (a) = able to use language to express opinions well Eloquently (adv), eloquence (n) Retinue (n) = entourage (n) = a group of people following an important person to support.The secret report revealed a solemn anxiety that there had been some spies embedded in the presidential

retinue.It is regrettable to miss a chance to discuss politics with eloquent speakers.Chinas leaders stonewalled American pleas to let the Yuan rise.There wan an air of fear gripped this city which had thriven as a hub of exports. Underwrite (v) = to shoulder financial responsibility of an activity Be underwritten by sb/sth (v)The weak US dollar has therefore underwritten the Chinas economic recovery.The mayor would underwrite the university celebration as an attempt to secure his votes for the coming

election.China has a little incentive tomorph its stance.They are signs of incremental compromise.

Spectator (n) of an event= a person who witnessed an event.Representatives at the Congress have argued that spectators of a criminal crime have mandatory obligation forreporting to police. Their deposition is possibly used as substantive evidence at courts.

The Chinese executives confirmed that they were merely spectators of financial crisis. Garner (v) = obtain (v) = acquire (n) = attain (v), acquisition (n) = attainment (n) = a success in

achieving sthNewspapers in Ningbo, a key export zone, reported that local firms garnered more than 315 billion US dollars

at the event. Haunt (v) = continue to cause problems for sb for a long time. Haunting (a) = cannot be forgotten = vivid (a) = indelible (a), hauntingly (adv) Rapture (n) = delight (n) = joy (n) Mercurial (a) = volatile (a) = difficult to expect, volatility (n) Temperament (n) = tnh khMost Vietnam War veterans have been tormented by haunting memory overloaded by violence committed by

them on civilians during the war.Emilys mercurial temperament makes her difficult to acclimatize herself to new classmates. Oversee (v) = supervise (v) = to watch employees and make sure the missions done properly

supervisor (n) Noxious (a) = toxic (a) = poisonous and harmfulThe new chief executive will oversee significant renovations and revitalization ofprogramming at the Arts

Centre, Melbourne. Bold (a) = confident, not afraid to express what you feel or think


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Boldness (n), boldly (adv).It was abold move to open a business in France, especially in the period of economic depressionShe has grand plans to make the spire-topped facility the unassailable cultural heart of the city.In the meantime, she wants to spruce up programming in the precinct.The first priority of the inaugurated president is to spruce up the executive board which has been bloated by

incompetent people for many years. Spruce up (v) = to make sth or yourself clean and neat. Unassailable (a) = cannot be destroyed # assailable (a) Assail (v) = attack someone by words or weapons, assailant (n) Assassinate (v) = m st, assassination (n), assassin (n) Aspire to sth (v) = want to achieve sth very much. Aspiration for sth / to do sth (n) = ambitions or strong desire = hankering to do sth (n) Aspirant (a) [only before noun] = ambitious Aspirant (n) = a person with a strong desire to achieve or win a competitionHe is renowned for propitious investment and aspirant plans.Attaining worldwide socialism is absolutely not a motive for aspiration for military conquest.These are our aspirants to the championship title.He aspired to be the next leader. Amphitheatre (n) = a room, hall or theatre with rows of seats that rise in steps Burgeon (v) = to grow rapidly

Burgeoning (a) Vagaries of sth (n) = changes in sth/sb that are difficult to predict Vagrant (n) = a person who has no home or jobs Vagrancy (n) = crime of living on the streets. Sensation (n) = feeling (n) Sensational (a) = thrilling (a) = causing a great surpriseShe has now been at the helmof the Arts Centre for four weeks, having returned to the city after stints in

programming at the Sydney Opera House.Vagaries of advisors are inevitable and they will result in tumultuous managerial team. At the helm of = in charge of an organization Stint (n) in sth / doing sth = a period of time that you spend on working or doing a particular activity

Stern (a) = serious and difficult, sternly (adv), sternness (n)You must do a two-yearstint in the NavyWe would face with a stern enemy.She has nothing less than bold but her plans are solidly grounded.Work will begin transforming the Hammer Hall into building that embraces the Yarra bank rather than

physically shunning it. Shun sth/sb (v) = to avoidThe renovations of acoustics and interiors require the building to be closed for two years.The construction of design has been undertaken Recital (n) = a public performance Recite sth to sb (v) = to report a series of sth Grieve over sb/sth (v) = to feel very sad about a death of someone. Grieve (v) sb = to upset someone = be disgruntled with sth (v) Grievous (a) = very solemn and unpleasant, grievously (adv)We have to recite the performance of all new equipments to the technical chief.My secretary recited all theirgrievances to me.Itgrieved him that he could not do anything to assist her.He went to cardiac arrest after being a victim ofgrievous injustice. Amenity (n) = a thing that makes a place more comfortable or distinctive.Definitely, a redesign and an overhaul wouldboost all amenities ofthe Arts Centre Bleak (a) = not encouraging (of a situation) = hopeless, bleakly (adv) Bleak (a) = cold and unpleasant (of weather) = frosty (a)


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Bleak (a) = empty and no pleasant featuresHe was looking bleak with the federal government considering that its 25 million annual funding was

unjustifiable and questioning the academys merits.The future looks bleakfor the financial institutions. Replenish with sth (v) = make full, replenishment (n) Replete with sth (a) Unjustifiable (a) = indefensible (a), unjustifiably (adv) Unjustified (a) = unnecessary (a) = unwarranted (a) # justified (a) Deplete (v) = to reduce with a great amount Depletion (n) Justifiable (a) = legitimate (a) = understandable (a), justifiably (adv)Prolonged drought possibly leads to depletion in water storage in the years to come and a direct consequence

is thousands of growers will be under solemn threats.A subtle work replete with quite, shimmering passages, completed with percussive rain on the historic

venues roof. Shimmer (n) = a shinning light that seems to move slightlyA shimmer of moonlight in the dark sky Percussive (a) = connected with sounds by hitting things Meditation on sth (n) = a serious thought on sth = contemplation (n) on sth Meditative (a) = thoughtful (a) = contemplative (a) Meditate on sth (v) = contemplate on sth (v)I appreciate his meditation on artsShe found him in meditative mood Extravagant (a) = exaggerated, extravagantly (adv)I have heard a variety ofextravagant promises of politicians. Extravagant (a) = lng ph, Extravagance (n) = the act of spending a great amount of money that you can affordShe eventually felt extravagant spending 1,000 dollars on that dress. Virtuosity (n) = a very high degree of skill in performing or playing Virtuosic (a), virtuosic performance. Virtuous (a) = irreproachable = behaving in a very good and moral way, virtuously (adv)

She lived an entirely virtuous life. Intricate (a) = having small details that fit together Intricately (adv) Frenetic (a) = involving a lot of energy = strenuous (a), frenetically (adv) Climax (n) = the most important and exciting part of a performance Climax (v) with sthThe intricate networkof telecommunication lines is a perennial problem in the metropolitan area.In the special task force, you are expected to be exposure to frenetic activities in which you need to

demonstrate the true courage.The festival will climax with the Vietnamese traditional cuisine on this FridayIntricate patterns

Vivacious (a) = [of a woman] having attractive personalities Vivaciously (adv), vivacity (n)He was charmed by her beauty and vivacity Precarious (a) = dangerous, unstable Precariousness, precariouslyThe economy isprecariously close to recession Inspired (a) = having a great quality and ability Inspire sb with sth (v) = truyn cm hng, inspire sth in sbHis superb performance inspired the young generations to the arts. Inspiration (n) = motivation Inspirational (a) = providing inspiration


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His charity work is an inspiration to us all.As with all listing applications, your company must satisfy itself that various thresholds (preconditions) are

met before it is admitted. Rigger (n) = ngi gian ln Tenement (n) = a large building divided into parts or apartment, in poor areas Languish in sth (v) = to be coerced to stay or suffer in an unpleasant situationDespite the companys website claiming that the initial public offer had closed oversubscribed , it has been

languishing in the queue ofupcoming floats without an allocated listing date. Subscribe to sth (v) = believe in sth = concur with sth (v) Oversubscribed (a) = there are fewer than the number of people who need it. Memorandum (n) = [memo] an official note of a person sending to another in the same organizationThere are not many political partiessubscribing in socialist principles after the dissolution of Soviet Union.According to a recent but undated memo circulated by one of his companys advisers, the ASX has asked him

to provide further information of the transfer of tenements. Prospectus (n) = a small book of a company used to introduce its shares.There is a desperate needfor an elaboration on enigmatic terms in the annualprospectus.The chief chairman has expected the strong rebound in the fiscal 2010 attributable to capital raisings and

floats. Attribute (n) = feature of sth/sbPatience is the most requiredattribute to a teacher.

Sovereign (a) = autonomous = having the right to govern itselfThere is no sovereign province in Vietnam Sovereign (a) = having a great power in a countryHe was a sovereign general in Bolivia.They are trying to emerge the stock with 40% and in that case, no one can thwart them from demanding a

representative in the board. Sovereignty over sth (n) = a complete power to govern a countryIn socialism countries, the Congress has the sovereignty over national policies.The US and the continental Europe are mature markets in term ofeconomic growth.He has been named as one of the most influential bankers in Asia. Exuberant (a) = strong and healthy (of a business plan) Exuberance, exuberantly Compelling (a) = that makes you believe sth is true, compellingly Compendious (a) = containing all necessary informationWe are confident that exuberant profits are driving us to other lucrative markets in developing nations.All players need a compendious handbook.A compendious report is the precondition to pass this subject.While investors find China growth story compelling, they would invest in Australian real estate because of

predictable and transparent legal framework. Ponder on/over/about sth (v) = consider Ponderous (a) = sluggish (a) = moving slowly, ponderously (adv)She likes watching the cowsponderous progressA ponderous process of justifying an investment permit has discouraged many potential foreign investors.

They spent timepondering the implications of the announcement Implications (n) = things that are indirectly stated. (used as a plural noun)The implication in his article is that being a household is inferior to every otheroccupation. Occupation (n) = ngh nghip Inferior to sth (a) = not as good as sth, inferiority (n) # superiority (n) Implication of/for sth (n) = possible effectThe development of this site could have implications for the surrounding countryside. Implication of sb in sth (n) = involvement (n)He resigned afterhis implications in the financial scandal Implicate sb in sth (v) = incriminate (v) = compromise (v) = to suggest that sb is got involved in a

crime


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He tried to avoid saying anything that could implicate him further Implement (v) = carry out (v) = instigate (v) = to officially start sth Implementation (n) = instigation (n) Imply (v) = infer (v) = suggest (v)It is time to implement the new nuclear detonation.During the Cold War, there was no hope for instigating any nuclear disarmament.The legislative dismemberment of Telstra could be delayed indefinitely unless the Senate can speak through

the party-dividing emissions trading scheme that comes before parliament this week. Rickety (a) = not strong = fragile (a)

The Senates failure to come to a consensus (common agreement) would not only delay the passing of lawsaimed at righting a rickety regulator regime that has allowed Telstra to strangle its competitors, it could see themscrapped altogether.

Strangle (v) = prevent from developing = hinder (v) = hamper (v) Be scrapped (v) = get rid of sth not useful Wither away (v) = gradually disappearWe had to see our hopes withered away. Withered (a) = shriveled (a) = dries up and diesWithered leaves = shriveled leaves

Withering (a) = intending to make sb feel silly and ashamed, witheringly (adv)She gave him a withering look at the first time he went to school.

Amiable (a) = agreeable (a), amiably (adv), amiability (n) = consensus (n)She replied amiably to him.To come to the amiability Amicable (a) = done in a polite and diplomatic wayWe could negotiate on amicable terms with Chinese government. Harsh (a) = unkind, severe, harshly (adv), harshness (n) Be mooted in sth (v) = propose, state in a legislative framework.If it is delayed, Telstra has all the more time to bargain away any of the harsher elements that have been

mooted in the legislation while strengthening its position in the country. Lull in sth (n) = a quiet period.There was a 30-second lull in the conversation. Lull (v) = soothe = to make sb relaxed Filibuster (v/n) = to delay a voteIn all republic nations, the Congress has the sovereignty to filibusterany votes of the president. Prodigal (a) = extravagant (a) = spending to much money than you can afford Prodigality (n) = extravagance (n)The senate has enacted a bill that puts a cap on governments spending in an effort to prevent prodigal

spending. Prodigious (a) = colossal = enormous (a) = monstrous (a) = very large and power full in a way of

causing admiration, enormity (n) = monstrosity (n) Prodigiously (adv)A prodigiously talented violinist Morbid (a) = having interest in deadly things Morbid (a) = connected with diseases Morbidity (n), morbidly (adv) Mordant (a) = critical and unkind, but funny = caustic (a) Mordantly (adv)He might die tomorrow, Dont be so morbidThe CEO of Microsoft Corporation is reputable with capability ofmordantly encouraging his employees. Jeopardize (v) = endanger (v) In jeopardy of = in danger of

Antipathy between A and B/ towards sth, sb (n) = hostility (n) = repugnance towards sth/sb (n) =

repulsion (n) = enmity (n) between A and B, antipathetic (a) = repulsive (a)


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An inexorable antipathy towards the idea proposed by newcomers is inexplicable.

Bellicose (a) = belligerent (a) = hostile (a), bellicosity (n) = belligerence (n) = animosity (n) =

hostility (n)

Persecute sb for sth (v) = to treat sb in an unfair way = mistreat (v) = harass (v), persecution (n)

Throughout the mankind history, people have been persecuted for religious beliefs.

Persevere in sth/ in doing sth (v) = continue doing sth despite many hindrances = persist (v),

perseverance (n) = persistence (n), persevering (a) = insisting (a)Despite numerous setbacks, they persevered in flying around the world on a balloon.The great perseverance in facing difficulty is highly commendable.

Entrench (v) = to establish sth firmly so it is difficult to erase, entrenchment of sth (n), be

anchored in sth (v)

Depravity has been entrenched in this society after the invasion of capitalism

Recede (v) = to become weaker (a business, a problem...) = dissipate (v) = falter (v), dissipation (n),

dissipating (a) = faltering (a) = regressive (a)

The prospect of financial recession has been receding after the Congress approved the economic stimuluspackage.

Articulate (v) = to express an idea clearly in words = enunciate (v), articulate (a) = eloquent (a),

enunciation (n)

All students are required to have advanced ability to articulate their thoughts.They enunciated in a formal announcement that the nuclear acceleration was inevitable.

Articulate with sth (v) = to be related to sth so that they form a whole.

The transition course is primarily about Academic English and it articulates with all University courses.

Repudiate (v) = reject (v) = repulse (v) = rebuff (v) = disparage (v), repudiation (n) = repulsion (n)

= rebuff (n)

It is not easy to repudiate the report on CNN because it was contingent on convincing evidence.

Precipitate (v) = to make sth happen sooner than it is expected

The inception of new military groups has precipitated the nuclear arms race.

Precipitate sb/sth into sth (v) = to put in a particular situation = render (v)

The resignation of the President will precipitate another political crisis.

Precipitate (a) = prompt (a) = swift (a) = happening quickly, precipitately (adv) = promptly

Precipitate and comprehensive responses are what tax payers expect from new elected government.

Totalitarian (a) = related to a system of government in which the sovereignty belongs to only one

political group, totalitarianism (n)Vietnamese government is totalitarian but the sovereignty lies in citizens.

Containment (n) = the act of keeping sth under control # frenzy (n)

The policy of containment is only suitable for Cold World which is over.

Deterrent to sth/sb (n) = a thing that can stop other people or things to do sth, deterrence (n),

deterrent (a)

The improvement in military acts as a deterrent for potential enemies. It does not aim to any particular nation.

Critique (n) = a piece of written criticism, critique (v)


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If we discover any critique of the central government in your house, you will be prosecuted.

Dissent (n) = dissidence (n) = an act of expressing opinions opposing to ones generally accepted,

dissension (n) = disagreement (n)

Even a critique of government can be considered as a dissent. Dissent from sth (v), dissenter (n) = dissident (n), dissenting (a) = dissident (a)

Dissimulate (v) = dissemble (v) = to hide feelings or thoughts, dissimulation (n)

Purport (v) = to claim to be sth or to have done sth when this may not be true = profess (v),purported (adj), purportedly (adv)

The idea does not purport to be impeccable and I am sure there will be an extensive justification.

Reactionary (n) = a person who opposes social changes, reactionary (a)

CIA always considers governments administrated by communists as reactionary.

Inexorable (a) = relentless (a) = cannot be stopped, inexorably (adv), inexorability (n)

Inexorable inflation is evident for incompetence of government.

Inexplicable (a) = incomprehensible (a) = cannot be explained # explicable (a), inexplicably (adv)

What we have perceived so far is mistakes are inexplicable.Any more incomprehensible flight delay will endanger our reputation.

Demise (n) = an end of an organization, a company # inception (n)

Surrogate of A (n/a) = substitute for A (n) = a thing or a person used instead of sth/sb else.

They consider Prompt Global Strike system as a surrogate of nuclear attacks.

Quadruple (v) = to make four times bigger

Lucrative business in Central Asia has quadrupled our incomes.

Boycott (v) = to refuse to buy or attend sth to protest, boycott on sth (n)

Under the contention, they boycotted the British goods.

Galvanize sb into sth / into doing sth (v) = to make sb do sth by making them excited = enlist A into

doing B (v)

Inexorable expenditures on weapons probably galvanize the world into another Cold War.

Cult of sth (n) = a way of life or an attitudethat is popular.

The cult of physical fitness in metropolitan areas is relentless.

Annihilate (v) = to destroy or defeat sth/sb completely, annihilation (n)

The new democratically elected government committed to annihilating corruption.

Annotate (v) = to add notes, annotation (n)

Ambivalent towards sth/sb = showing both good and bad opinions, ambivalence towards sth/sb (n)

There is certain ambivalence amongst economists towards the rising power of China.

Emulate (v) = to do exactly similar to sth because you admire them, emulation

Children with vivid imagination has disposition to emulate what they see on cartoons.

Ouster (n) = to remove sb out of power = deposition (n)

Presage (v) = to warn that sth unpleasant is going to occur, presage of A (n)


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Incomprehensible dissemination on nuclear technology is a presage of worldwide annihilation.

Plurality of sth (n) = a large number of sth

A plurality of flexible strategies is formidable element of success.

Superficial (a) = being shortage of contemplation into sth important, superficiality (n),

superficially (adv).

A superficial perception into the danger of the dissemination of nuclear technology.

Supercilious (a) = behaving towards people like they are inferior to you, superciliously,superciliousness (n)

Supercilious attitudes do not assist you into assimilating yourself into this community.

Vociferous (a) = strident (a) = expressing ideas in a confident way, vociferously (adv) = stridently

(adv), stridency (n) = strong confidence (n)

It was vociferously enunciated that the government would not joint any military alliance.The auspicious future is waiting for students with stridency.

Peripheral to sth (a) = inferior to sth (a)

In some particular situations, F-22 is justified to be peripheral to a Su-35B.

Parity between A and B/ with sth (n) = the state of being equal.

Parity and transparency are sacrosanct.

Rapprochement between A and B/ with sth (n) = dtente (n)

Rapprochement with China is crucial for the burgeoning development in economy.

Solidarity (n) = support (n)

During the Cold War, the US government always encouraged solidarity with anti-communist governmentsaround the world.

Resurgence (n) = becoming strong again, resurgent (a).

He believed in the resurgence of worldwide socialism.

Resurrect (v) = revive (v) = resuscitate (v), resurrection (n) = resuscitation (n)

Deprave (v) = corrupt (v) = pervert (v), depraved (adj), depravity (n) = corruption (n)

Violent games will progressively deprave the future of out country.

Deprecate (v) = to express strong disapproval of sth, deprecating (adj)

A plurality of deprecating comments will lead to the deposition of the current government.

Vulgarity (n) = the state of being crudeVeterans have been obsessed by the vulgarity of violence committed by both sides.

Impetus to do sth/ to sth (n) = stimulus (n) = incentive (n)

Impinge on sth/sb (v) = encroach (v) = to have a noticeable effects

Impish (adj) = mischievous (adj) = showing lack of respect but it is humorous.

Quagmire (n) = morass (n) = a dangerous situation


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From 1970 to 1989, the economy of Soviet Union was in morass as it had to carry inexorable expenditures onmilitary.

Secede from sth (v) = to leave an organization and become independent, secession from sth (n),

renegade (n) [people]

His secession has led the company to morass.There is no one seceded from FSB still having a peaceful life.

Disentangle sth from sth (v) = to separate sth from a confused thing.

Police has to disentangle the truth after interrogating him.

Inquisitive (a) = curious (a), inquisitiveness (n), inquisitively (adv)

It is not necessary to be inquisitive. None of them is your concern.

Forge (v) = to put a lot of efforts into making sth successful.Strategic alliances are being forged by influential European companies. Forge (v) = to strenuously navigate through a crowd

He forged through the crowd to approach the main stage.

Subvert (v) = undermine (v), subversion (n)

Subversive (a) = likely to jeopardize a political system by clandestinely attacking = seditious (adj),

subversively (adv), subversive (n, people)

Subvention (n) = an amount of money given by a government to an organization

If there had been no subvention from Washington, GM Corporation would be collapsed.

Encapsulate sth in sth (v) = sum up (v), encapsulation (n)

Encase sth in sth (v) = to cover sth completely to protect it

The assassination of JFK has been encased by CIA because of national security.As an attempt to prevent radioactive rays from penetrating to surrounding environment, the nuclear reactor

must be encased in thick lead walls.

Gargantuan (adj) = enormous (adj)

Prop up (v) = shore up (v) = to prevent sth from collapsing by putting it under control

Sanguine about sth (a) = optimistic (a), sanguinely (adv)

Plausible (a) = likely to be reasonable and true # implausible (a), plausibility (n), plausibly (adv)

The only plausible explanation is they are running out of luck at the casino

Liquidity (n) = assets that can be easily transformed to cash

Frenzy (n) = the state of being not under control

One of the more obvious effects of the stimulus-driven recovery is Chinas infrastructure buildingfrenzy.

Mandate (n) to do sth/ for sth = authority (n), mandate (v)

Most of gargantuan projects are mandated and managed by the central government. Mandated (a) = being under control of other nations

There are some mandated territories in Australia.

Routine (a) = done or happening as a normal part of sth, routinely, routine (n)


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Many politicians of the opposition have routinely questioned the strategy of tackling foreign affairs of thecentral government.

Deride sth/sb as sth (v) = mock (v) = scoff (v)

Culprit (n) = a person or thing responsible for causing a problem = perpetrator

There are two principal culprits for sky-high prices of real estate in China.

Behemoth (n) = a big and powerful organization

Plunge sth into sth (v) = to push sth promptly with force into sth else

Austerity (n) = a situation in which people do not have money to spend owing to economic

recession =poverty (n)Wars were followed by decades of austerity

Austere (a) = no decoration

Her austere living room reflects her virtuous characteristics

Austere (a) = (people) strict and solemn in appearance and behaviour

He is a distant and austere leader

Austere (a) = not comfortable

Monks prefer to be exposed to austere way of life to consolidate the dignity.

Auspicious (a) = promising (a) # inauspicious (a)

An excellent academic performance assures him the auspicious future.

Under the auspices of sth/sb = with the assistance of sth/sb

The educational system in areas adversely affected by tsunami has been revitalized under the auspices ofAustralian governments initiatives.

Acclaim sb/sth as sth (v) = to publicly praise someone

Acclamation (n) = a warm and enthusiastic welcome

Acclimatize yourself to sth (v) = to get used to a new situation = assimilate (v) acclimatization (n) =

assimilation (n)

He needs to arrive two days earlier to acclimatize himself to the tropical climate.

Lavish in sth (a) = extravagant (a), lavishly (adv)

He was not lavish in acclaiming her arrival.

Judicious (a) = sensible (a) # injudicious (a), judiciously (adv)

Impede (v) = hinder (v) = hamper (v), impediment to sb/sth (n) = obstacle (n) = hindrance (n)

Spontaneous (a) = happening naturally and not planned, spontaneously (adv)

Her spontaneous performance is miracle

Referendum on sth (n) = an occasion when people in a nation vote for an important issue

As an attempt to cope with the threat of financial collapse, the PM has pleaded for a referendum on nextMonday.

Momentous (a) = historic (a) = very important and plausible to cumulate in influential results.


13/29

START III treaty is a momentous consensus between two nuclear super powers in the world as it mitigatesthe fear for nuclear catastrophic.

Regressive (ad) = becoming less advanced

The action of ignoring the Carbon Trade Scheme was condemned as a regressive step of the RuddGovernment.

Adept at doing sth (a) = skilful (a), adept (n), adeptly (adv)

Conundrum (n) = a perplexing problem

Flotilla (n) = a group of small ships sailing together

Delineate (n) = to describe sth elaborately, delineation (n)

Pretext for sth/to do sth (n) = a false reason = disinformation (n), on the pretext of sth

The incident was utilized as a pretext for military intervention in the area.

Render sth as sth/ sth into sth (v) = to translate

This concept is difficult to render into English

Render sth (v) = furnish (v) = to present sth when it is officially done

The Air Force has been coerced to render the report on the crash of an advanced secret fighter prototype.

Render (v) = to make sb/sth into a particular state.Economic recession has rendered thousands of people in austerity.

Stray away from A (v) = divert from the main topic

They seem to be straying from the primary theme of the debate.

Littoral (a) = [only before noun] being near a coast

Expenditure on enhancing defense capacity of littoral states has been postponed owing to high deficits in state

budget.

Delinquency (n) = criminal behavior, delinquent (a)

Delinquent (a) = having failed to pay on time

Delinquent debts are detrimental for our integrity.

Analogous to/with sth (a) = similar to (a)

Analogy between A and B/to sth (n) = similarity (n)= resemblance (n)

There is certain analogy between a human heart and a pump. Analogue (n) = a thing that is similar to other things

Scientists are striving to find biological analogues of extinct animals.

Incarcerate (v) = imprison (v), incarceration (n)

He has been incarcerated in a secret jail which is designated for political prisons.

Penitentiary (n) = prison (n)

Rebuff (n) = rejection (n), rebuff (v) = dismiss (v) = set aside (v)

They rebuffed her idea of renovating the museum.

Upheaval (n) = disruption (n) = a big change causing numerous problems = cataclysm (n),

cataclysmic (a)


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Since the upheaval of Soviet Union, there has been a threat caused by the Western power to undermine thegestation of Russia in defence technology.

Impound (v) = confiscate (v), confiscation (n)

Indiscreet (a) = not careful enough # discreet (a), indiscreetly (adv)

Illicit (a) = illegal (a), illicitly (adv), illegality (n)

Perpetrator (n) = culprit (n)

Dilate (v) = to make sth larger or it becomes larger # contract (v), dilation (n)

Dilatory in doing sth (a) = not prompt to react = tardy (a)

The government has been dilatory in alleviating the level of unemployment.

Dilettante (n) = a person who dabbles in sth, dilettante (a)

Proclivity for sth or for doing sth (n) = propensity (n) = inclination (n) = disposition to do A (n)

Many juveniles have been overwhelmed by delinquency and proclivity for disturbing the social structure.

Sanctity of sth (n) = the state of being sacrosanct or sacred

Discretion (n) = an authority to make a special decision = mandate (n)

It is not her discretion to postpone the annual general meeting. Discretion (n) = a care in keeping secrets.

All CIA officers highly expected to demonstrate the capability of maintaining discretion.

Veracity (n) = truthfulness (n)

Eavesdrop on sth/sb (v) = to overheard, eavesdropper (n)

Seclude A from B (v) = isolate (v), seclusion (n)

Secluded (a) = solitary (a)

He was incarcerated in a secluded jail.

Solitude (n) = privacy (n)

It is crucial to reinforce the solitude of the state discussion on the weapon program. Dossier on sth/sb (n) = file (n)

Dossier on who handed in Robert Hansson to the FBI has been classified.

Glimpse at sb/sth (n) = glance (n)

Glimpse into sth (n) = a short experience into sth

Glimpse (v) = to start understanding sth

Categorical (a) = bold (a) = very sure and certain [usually before nouns], categorically (adv)

He categorically dismissed her idea of ameliorating the museum.

Probe into sth (v) = investigate into sth (v)

Probing (a) = intended to find the veracity

He was asked numerous probing questions.


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Probity (n) = the quality of being completely honest

Financial probity is a crucial factor to make a decision whether or not investors will put money into your bankaccount.

Covert (a) = clandestine (a) # overt (a), covertly (adv)

Launder (v) = to move the money that has been illicitly obtained to foreign accounts.

Vignette (n) = a small piece of writing that depicts a particular person or object.

Memorabilia (n) = things that people collect because they belong to sb/sth famous.

Cipher (n) = code (n)

Decipher (v) = decode (v)

Vilify (v) = to write or say sth bad about sb/sth so that other people will dismiss them, vilification

(n)

There has been categorical conspiracy to vilify his achievement.

Malign (v) = to say sth bad about sth/sb publicly Malign (a) = likely to cause harm

A malign influence of spying activities on the central committee would have jeopardized the national security

Revile sb/sth for doing sth (v) = to criticize sb/sth vigorously

Renegade (n) = a person who leaves a group to join another which has a different view, renegade

(a)

Liaison between A and B (n) = collaboration, in close liaison with A

Our priority is to fortify the liaison between parents and teaching staff.

Broach A to B (v) = to discuss a problem that is difficult to say.

We cannot issue any sanction unless they broach the upraising to us.

Plaudits (n) = complements (n)

He refused to accept plaudits because many of his soldiers were killed.

Chauvinist (n) = a person who aggressively believes that his country is better than others,

chauvinistic (a), chauvinistically (adv)

The prevalence of nationalism inevitably culminates in the inexorable increase in chauvinists.

Colloquial (a) = informal (a) [language], colloquially (adv)

Distraught (a) = extremely upset

During the height of Cold War, any distraught agent was disposed of immediately.

Disposed to do A (a) = willing to do A (a)

I am not disposed to argue with you.

Masquerade as A (v) = to pretend, masquerade (n) = pretention (n)

He is a CIA officer who was trained to masquerade as an investor.

Paraphernalia for doing A (n) = essential equipment (n)

We need paraphernalia for bugging that hotel.


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Surreptitious (a) = furtive (a) = done quickly and clandestinely so that people cannot notice,

surreptitiously (adv) = furtively (adv), furtiveness (n)

Consternation (n) = dismay (n) = a worried feeling after an unpleasant surprise.

The inefficiency of electric bugs has caused consternation among agents.

Overture to sb (n) = a suggestion by which A tries to initiate sth with B.

He began to make overtures to merchant bankers.

Adduce (v) = cite (v)

Under the leadership of William Webster, all agents are required to adduce all sources in their reports,especially ones from directorate of operations.

Prevaricate (v) = to avoid giving a direct answer, prevarication (n)

Dont try to prevaricate during the interrogation.

Conspicuous (a) = easy to attract attention # inconspicuous (a), conspicuously, conspicuousness (n)The event was absolutely a conspicuous success

Conspicuous consumption (n) = the act of buying a lot of goods to show that how wealthy you are.

Codify (v) = to systematize rules, codification (n)

Alias (n) = a false name used to disguise the real name.He checked into the hotel under an alias.

Avail yourself of sth (v) = to make use of sthAll guests staying in this hotel are encouraged to avail themselves of the full range of facilities.

Avarice (n) = greed (n), avaricious (a)

Inept (a) # adept (a), ineptitude (n)The details of your ineptitude do not interest her.

Acronym (n) = a word formed from the first letters of the words that constitute the name of sthCIA is the acronym of Central Intelligence Agency

Caliber (n) = standard (n)I am actually impressed by the high caliber of applicants for this position

Cavalier (a) = not caring enough about sth important or feelings of other peopleHe does not care your cavalier attitude as long as you can accomplish all missions.

Flimsy (a) = rickety (a) = fragile (a), flimsiness (n), flimsily (adv)The financial crisis has rendered the national economy flimsier than ever before.

Phony (a) = fake (a)She spoke with a phony Russian accent.

Benign (a) = not likely to cause death # malignant (a), benignly (adv)There are no benign operations conducted by foreign intelligence.

Innocuous (a) = harmless (a)They made a serious mistake by judging that substance was innocuous.


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Euphemism for sth (n) = a word used to refer indirectly sth embarrassing, euphemistic (a)euphemistically (adv)

Pass away is a euphemism for die

Euphonious (a) = easy to listen.There is a way of alleviating the situation which is using euphonious words in the presidential announcement. Eulogize sb/sth as sth (v) = compliment sb on sth (v).After saving four people submerging in a whirlpool, he has been eulogized as a hero.

Complimentary about sth (a) = showing admirationShe is complementary about his method of solving the friction among top leaders.

The populace (n) = ordinary peopleAlthough the Central Communist Party takes the utter sovereignty, the approval stays on the populace

throughout their representatives at the Congress.

Fixated on sth/sb (a) = thinking about sb/sth in a weird way.They are invariably fixated on spying other countries. Fixation on sb/sth (n)He shows fixation on every single detail.

Hallucination (n) = the act of hearing or seeing sth that does not really exist ascribable to drugshallucinatory (a) [only before nouns]

Having been affected by LSD, hallucination was prevalent in his mind.

Fumbling (a) = hesitating (a)

In retrospect = thinking about a past event with different opinions.In retrospect, it was unforgivable to conduct a test of LSD on human beings.

Tarnish (v) = taint (v) = to spoil a good idea.The development on nuclear technology was tarnished to produce devastating bombs.

Perpetuate (v) = to make a bad situation become persistent.The macro-economic policies are condemned as the cause to perpetuate inflation.

Be embroiled in sth (v) = be involved in a difficult situation.She has been embroiled in a smuggling case.

Despicable (a) = evil (a)

Locomotive (n) = a railway engine that pulls a train. Locomotive (a) = connected with movement.

Dispatch sb/sth to somewhere (v) = sendYour goods will be dispatched within 48 hours after we receive the order.

Elicit sth from sb (v) = to obtain information from sb with difficulty, elicitationWe have not elicited anything after the interrogation.

Complicity in sth (n) = collusion (n) = the act of taking part with sb in a crime, collusive (a), incollusion with sb.

Now we can assure the evident complicity between them.

Piracy (n) = the act of illegally making or broadcasting video tapes, movies, pirate (a)


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A pirate radio station.

Entail (v) = involve (v)The job entails driving across the state everyday.

Consort with sb (v) = to spend time with sb who other people do not approve of.He was convicted of consorting with enemies.

Allegiance (n) = a perpetual solidarity to a political party

Before being promoted, they all have to pledge allegiance and fidelity to the nation.

Specter of sth (n) = a catastrophe that people are afraid it might happen in the future.The weeks of flood are the specter of famine.

Infraction (n) = contravention (n) = infringement (n)

Perspicacious (a) = able to understand comprehensively and quickly # obtuse 9a), perspicacity (n) =obtuseness (n)

Perspicacity is one of the top requirements for anyone working in the Directorate of Covert Operations.

Hegemony (n) = control by one political group, country, hegemonic (a)

The collapse of the Soviet Union terminated the hegemony of Communist Party over the region.

Consummate (a) = perfect (a), consummately (adv)He completed the task with a consummate shot.

Alienate (v) # assimilate, acclimatize (v), alienation (n).

Pittance (n) = a small payment in cash.They work 10 hours per day just for a pittance.

Decrepit (a) = very old and in miserable condition, decrepitude (n)Because of severe climate conditions, all those fighters are in decrepitude.

Attenuate (v) = to make sth weaker and less effective, attenuation (n)It may attenuate the vigor of this kind of virus.

Encumber sb/sth with sth (v) = to make it difficult.Police has been encumbered with crowds and we are losing targets.

Encumbrance (n) = burden (n)

Dearth of sth (n) = scarcity (n)The dearth of rare-earth elements in Japan will escalate political tension with China

Orchestrate (v) = to organize a complicated plan clandestinely, orchestration (n)Day-to-day mission is to orchestrate covert operations overseas.

Lineage (n) = ancestry (n)

Do sth with equanimity (v) = keep calm in difficult situations.They are tested the ability to accomplish missions with equanimity.

Paradigm of sth (n) = a pattern of sth.The Vietnam War was a paradigm of strategy of the US during the Cold War.


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Expeditious (a) = efficient (a), expeditiously (adv)Being in the era of rapid development on technology, we have impetus to focus on how to complete the

mission expeditiously.

Expedite (v) = accelerate (v)During that period, the CIA drastically expedited covert actions to subvert the North Vietnam.

Expedition (n) = an organized trip to a particular purpose.Nine scientists were assassinated during the expedition to Ural Mountain.

Convulsive (a) = sudden and impossible to control, convulsively (adv)The convulsive collapse of US giant banks led to the financial crisis which could take few years to recuperate.

Petition against/for sth (n/v) = a document signed by top authorities to force to change sth.When the President was under threat, he posed the petition for the new Presidency.The dissident groups have conducted criminal diverse activities to petition the Parliament for terminating the

hegemony of Vietnamese Communist Party.

Telemetry (n) = the process of utilizing special equipments to transfer data over long distances.

Aberration (n) = an action that is not acceptable.

Despite all alleged aberrations, the Agency has been evolving strenuously.

Peddle (v) = to disseminate information.The tight control on media industry is used with the purpose of preventing dissident groups from peddling

information against the government.

Amphibious (a) = able to be deployed both in land and waters.We have embarked some of special amphibious task forces.

Depredation (n) = an act that causes depreciation.Raising taxes is deprecation to farmers incomes.

Console sb with sth (v) = to comfort, consolation (n) [a person or thing], consolatory (a)Nothing could console him after being defeated in the final match.

Leverage (n) = the ability to influence what people do, clout (n) = influence (n)We find a great amount of leverage in him who is considered to be one of the top agents.

Subpoena (v) = to order sb to attend a court as a witness, subpoena (n) [written statement]Because of security reason, he was not subpoenaed to the High Court.

Vie with sb/sth for sth (v) = compete, (vying)

Litany of sth (n) = the account of boring things.We do not expect to be lectured on litany of intelligence rules which are not practical and obsolete.

Augment (v) = to increase the amount, size, valueof sth, augmentation (n)Being on the way to new era of high technology, we have to augment the efficiency of intelligence services.

Be endowed with sth (v) = to have a particular ability.She is endowed with intelligence and wit.

Brinkmanship (n) = an action to make people afraid of a particular situation in order to ask them to dowhat you want.


20/29

Chinese Navy threat is brinkmanship developed by US military officers to ask the Congress to augment theannual budget.

Dismay (n) = a sad feeling resulted from an unpleasant surprise.She could not hide her dismay at the academic results.

Acrimony (n) = a bitter feeling, acrimonious (a)The dispute was reconciled without acrimony.

Consonance with sth (n) = agreement.

Repatriate (v) = to send someone back to his country, repatriation (n).He was declared as persona non grata and then was repatriated to Russia.

Palatable to sb (a) = suitable or pleasant to sb # unpalatable (a)This hot soup is unpalatable to him.

Astringent (a) = critical in a clever way, astringency (n)We can see numerous astringent comments in his report. Halcyon (a) = peaceful and happy.

We need to promote a halcyon working environment in the Agency Building.

Accede to a request (v)He eventually acceded to the request for his resignation.

Compartmentalize sth into sth (v) = to divide sth into small fragments so they exist independently.They are in consonance with the idea of compartmentalizing the agency.

Myopia (n) = the incompetence to predict consequences, myopic (a), myopicallyHe was notorious with myopic policies. Fidelity (n) = loyalty to sb/sthHe had to pledge to fidelity and allegiance to the nation.

Calamitous (a) = disastrous (a), calamity (n) = disaster (n)

Prowess at doing sth (n) = excellent skill.They must demonstrate academic prowess before applying to the scholarship.

Mediocre (a) = being less than standard requirements, mediocrity (n)All mediocre goods made in China cannot be imported to the US although they are comparably cheaper. Mediocrity (n) = a person with ineptitude.He was a brilliant leader but surrounded by mediocrities in the Cabinet.

Capitulate (v) = surrender (v), capitulation (n)Eventually, the town capitulated after three weeks of vigorously resisting. Capitulate (v) = to agree to do sth what you have refuted.

Capricious (a) = unpredictable (a), caprice (n)People do not interest in investing nations where there are many capricious political amendments.

Fulminate (v) = denounce (v), fulmination (n)

Semantics (n) = meaning of words or phrases.


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Be larded with sth (v) = contain a particular kind of expressions.His speech was larded with Russian proverbs.

Barter sth for sth or barter sth with sb (v) = to exchange goods without using money, barter (n)In some mountainous areas, people often barter handicrafts for foods.

Vindicate (v) = justify (v), vindication (n)

Vindictive (a) = spiteful (a) = malicious (a), vindictively, vindictiveness.

Fallacious (a) = based on wrong statements, fallacy (n)The foreign policies can not be hinged on a bunch of fallacious instincts.It was easy to detect the fallacy of her arguments.

Candid (a) = saying honestly and openly, candidly (adv)The Agency does not welcome anyone with candid attitude.

Candid photograph (n) = person who was taken photograph did not realize that.Our policies prevent us from releasing any candid photographs.

Voracious (a) = wanting a lot of information and knowledge, voracity, voraciously.They have been banned to contact with voracious reporters.

Avocation (n) = hobby (n)

Mendacious (a) = lying (a) = not telling the truth, mendacity (n)The polygraph test is mandatory for anyone working at the Agency to discover the mendacity.

Insular (a) = only interested in your own country (disapproving), insularity (n)The British people are often alleged of being insular.

Felicitous (a) = chosen very well, felicity (n)

It is absolutely a felicitous choice to continue a higher degree.

Rummage around for sth (v) = to move things around carelessly to search sth, rummage (n)The KGB spent three hours on rummaging the office for the top secret documents.

Crumble sth into sth (v) = to come to an end Crumble (v) = to break sth into very small pieces.The empire eventually crumbled into dust.

Recant (v) = to declare that you no longer have the same opinion which you have had before,recantation (n)

Aphorism (n) = a short phase that says sth true or wise, aphoristic (a).

Bluntly (adv) = mention sth in a direct way without trying to be polite.

Budge (v) = to move slightly.She tried to push the door but it did not budge.

Foil (v) = thwart (v) = to stop sth happening.Police has foiled an attempt to smuggle invaluable paintings to a foreign country.

Imperil (v) = jeopardize (v)


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Imperious (a) = arrogant (a), imperiously (adv)She showed an imperious gesture towards students from rural area.

Clairvoyance (n) = the power that people are believed that they can see the future, clairvoyant (n),clairvoyant (a)

People working at the Directorate of Intelligence are supposed to have clairvoyance.

Prosaic (a) = ordinary (disapproving meaning), prosaically (adv)

Proscribed (a) = has been officially banned, proscription (n)They have joined the group of proscribed organizations.

Esoteric (a) = only understood by a group of people with special knowledge.We are not willing to discuss any esoteric topics here.

Trepidation (n) = a great anxiety that sth unpleasant might happen.The atmosphere was loaded with trepidation during the occurrence of Cuba missile crisis.

Denizen (n) = inhabitant (n)We have recognized that he is a denizen of the local pub.

Nefarious (a) = immoral (a)There have been more juveniles involved in nefarious activities.

Purloin sth from sb/sth (v) = to steal sth and use it without permission.There has been an allegation that some movies were purloined from her computer.

Scurry (v) = scuttle (v) = to run with short steps.

Evince (v) = to show clearly that you have a particular feeling.He evinces strong desire to reconcile with his family.

Evocative of sth (a) = to make you remember a thing in a pleasant way.Her novels are always wonderfully evocative of villages.

Flagrant (a) = blatant (a) = obvious in an unpleasant way, flagrantly.He showed a flagrant impertinence to other guests.

Detract sth from sth (v) = to make less enjoyable.He never lets anyone detract the passion in Mathematics from him. Loquacious (a) = talkative (a) = garrulous (a)

Blunder (n) = a careless mistake.

Ruse (n) = trick (n)

Protagonist of sth (n) = an active supporter.He is a passionate protagonist of natural preservation.

Charisma (n) = a powerful characteristic that can impress other people, charismatic, charismatically.The President is revered for great personal charisma.

Earnest (a) = very serious and sincere, earnestly, earnestness (n)Despite being earnest, she has not found a job.


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Swagger (v) = strut (v) = to walk in an extremely proud way, swagger (n)

Panoply (n) = array (n) = a large collection of sth.He is renowned with panoply of Ferrari cars.

Blemish (n) = a mark that makes less beautiful.His records are without a blemish.

Shiver (v) = to shake slightly because of being frightened, shiver (n), the shivers

The sound of his voice sent shivers down to her spines.

Penchant for sth (n) = fondness (n)She has penchant for Champaign.

Dignify (v) = to make sth more impressive, dignified (a) = revered, dignity (n)The presence of the Mayor can dignify the celebration.It is difficult to expect adolescents to maintain their dignity if they are jobless and homeless.During the time when he was under those allegations, he demonstrated a dignified ability to clarify himself.

Dignitary (n) = VIP

Engrave A on B (v) = inscribe (v) = to cut words or designs on sth, engraving (n), inscription (n)His name was engraved on the pen and that is why it is invaluable.

Antics (n) = silly behaviors.We do not tolerate any of those antics.

Antidote to sth (n) = sth which can attenuate other unpleasant things.An expedition to Cuba is the perfect antidote to enduring winter.

Infatuated with sb (a), infatuation with sb (n)It was merely an infatuation with him so it was not love.

Jocular (a) = humorous (a), jocularity (n), jocularly (adv)Those jocular critics cannot detract him from determining to discover that area.

Explicate (v) = elaborate (v), explication (n), explicable (a) # inexplicable (a)

Denigrate (v) = belittle (v) = disparage (v) = disparagement (n), denigration (n)

Rebuke (v) = reprimand (v) sb for sth/doing sth = to speak severely to sb because they have done sthwrong, rebuke (n) = reprimand (n)

The company has been reprimanded for having neglected safety procedures.

Rebut (v) = refute (v) = to prove that a criticism is wrong, rebuttal (n)He is ready to firmly refute all of those allegations.

Recalcitrant (a) = unwilling to follow instructions, recalcitrance (n)During the mission, your recalcitrance was not tolerated.

Emasculate (v) = attenuate (v), emasculation (n)That political movement is considered to be regressive and it will emasculate the position of central

government.


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Lugubrious (a) = doleful (a) = solemnly sad, lugubriousness (n)

Ludicrous (a) = absurd (a), ludicrously (adv), ludicrousness (n).

Bristle at sth (v) = to become infuriated at sth

Livid (a) = furious (a)

Brusque (a) = speaking abruptly and using just a few words, brusquely, brusqueness.

The commander gave orders in a brusque tone.

Disarming (a) = making people less suspicious, disarmingly.A disarming trip to China is an expeditious way to emasculate the pressure on US Navy.

Rapport with sb or rapport between A and B (n) = friendship.

Unobjectionable (a) = acceptable (a)

Unnerve (v) = to make sb lose confidence, unnerving (a), unnervingly.They were unnerved by his reticence.

Perquisite (n) = special right owning to social position.Being immune from prosecution is not a perquisite of the President.

Culinary (a) [only before nouns] = connected with cooking.Proficient culinary skills gained him the Master Chief title.

Interject (v) = interrupt (v), interruption (n)

Inscrutable (a) = showing no emotion so difficult to guess what sb is thinking, inscrutability (n),inscrutably.

We are only certain that he is working for the Secret Agent but it is difficult to elicit anything from him

because he always remains inscrutable.

Condone (v) = to accept a morally wrong behavior.Terrorism cannot be condoned because targets are civilians.

Taciturn (a) = having no intention to talk in a way that is unfriendly, taciturnityThe most perplexing problem is taciturnity among our agents.

Apologetic about sth (a), remorse for sth (n) = repentance (n) = contrition (n), remorseful (a), repentof sth (v)

Mourning (n) = grief (n) = sadness that you show for sb who has been death.The government has declared three days of mourning for victims.

Cartography (a) = the process of drawing maps, cartographic (a).He has been assigned to the Office of Cartography.

Intricate (a) = having a lot of details, intricacy (n)He was introduced to the intricacy of this Agency.

Complexion (n) = the natural character of sth.You must acclimatize yourself with the political complexion of this nation.


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Coterie (n) = a small group of people who share the same interests and do things together but it isunsocial.

My first attempt is to eradicate all coteries in this University.

Reflex (n) = an action done on a whim.As a reflex, he grabs a pen when the phone is ringing.

Circumscribe (v) = restrict (v), circumscription (n)

Unfettered (a) = cannot be control = unchecked = rampant.The government cannot let the nation be unfettered.

Obtuse (a) = slow to understand, obtuseness (n).The Congress is considered to be obtuse by some of our agents.

Obviate (v) = preclude (v), obviation (n)

Haphazard (a) = not organized well.As same as the last time, the approach to financial depression is haphazard.

Backfire on sb (v) = to have the opposite dangerous effect.The sacrosanct no comment has backfired on the director.

Assortment (n) = mixture (n) = collection of different thingsThere is an assortment of hand guns from the Office of Technical Services.

Satire (n) = a way of denouncing in which humor words are used, satirical (a), satirically.The article is full of satire on American politics.

Ascribe sth to sb/sth (v) = attribute (v), ascribable (a), ascription (n)We ascribe great importance to these policies.You cannot ascribe failures to the fact that you have been cursed by bad luck.

Skimpy (a) = not large enough to make decision.This document contains skimpy details of the assassination and it is to be rendered to the Congress.

Tenuous (a) = so weak and uncertain, tenuously (adv)We have been suspected that he had tenuous links to the crime organization.

Avuncular (a) = being friendly towards young people.He can achieve the firm loyalty from young employees by the avuncular manner.

Banish (v) = exile (v)

Magnanimous (a) = generous and forgiving, magnanimity (n), magnanimously.He was magnanimous in defeating the enemy.It is hard to accept criticism with magnanimity.

Mystify (v) = baffle (v) = to make sb confused, mystification (n).They have been mystified by the sudden disappearance of their daughter.

Withhold sth from sb/sth (v) = to refuse to give sb sth.She was accused of withholding information from investigators.

Cataclysm (n) = a calamity that creates a considerable change, cataclysmic (a)


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Scrupulous in doing sth (a) = meticulous (a) # unscrupulous (a), scrupulously, scrupulousness.

Handful of sth/sb (n) = a small number of sth.The power must remain in the populace rather than being shifted to a handful of politicians.


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Documents

English Practice 1