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Secondary 3 Combined Science Physics
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Recap!Electrical Energy
Example 1A 24 ohm resistor is to be connected in series
with a 12V battery. What is the power loss in the resistor?
Hint : Solve using V=IR & P=IV
Example 2A Lamp has a power rating of 100w and was
used for 5 hrs. A cooker has a power rating of 3kW and was used of 0.5 hrs. What was the cost for the total usage of both the appliances if the cost of a unit (kWH) of electricity is $0.10?
Practical ElectricityDangers of Electricity
Types of DangersOverheating of Cables Damp Environments Damaged Insulation
• Overloaded power sockets cause large current flow
• Use of inappropriate wires may result in overheating
• Insulating materials can become worn with time exposing the conducting wires.
• Conducting wires can cause shocks if touched
• Water is a good conductor of electricity and it can act as a conducting path for currents if in contact with uninsulated parts of electrical wires
Safety Features at Home
• Circuit Breakers
• Fuses
• Switches
• Earthing
• Three-pin Plugs
• Double Insulation
Circuit Breakers
•circuit when a current that flows
through them is too large
• Live wires are connected to circuit
breakers to ensure that the circuit
breaker will trip andcut off supply
to the applianceSwitch off electrical supply in a
Switches
•
• Switches should to connected to live wires to prevent electric shock in case of electrical faults
Switches break or complete a circuit
• Live Wire (Brown) is connected
to high voltage & delivers current
• Neutral Wire (Blue) completes the
circuit by providing a return path to
the supply for the current
• Earth Wire (Green & Yellow) is of
low resistance so that current can
flow through without causing electric
shocks to the users
Earthing
Earthing
Fuses
• Acts similarly to circuit breakers,
preventing excessive current
flow
• However, instead of tripping,
fuses blow and have to replaced
once the blow
• Fuses have a thin wire, which
overheats and melts creating an
open circuit.
All fuses come with a rating which indicates maximum current that is allowed to flow through before the fuse blows
Calculation involving FusesExample Qn
A iron is rated at 1740W & 240V. What would be the current required for the iron to operate? What would be a suitable fuse rating to protect the iron from overheating?
Using P=VI, I= P/V = 1740/240 = 7.25A
Therefore, a fuse slightly larger than the current flowing should be use. In this case, 8.0A Fuse would be ideal
Three-Pin Plug
• Fuse protects the appliance
when there is an electrical
fault
• When excessive current
flows through, the fuse
blows, breaking the circuit
so that it does not overheat
the appliance and damage it
Double Insulation• Electric cables are
insulated from the internal components
• Internal components are insulated from external casing
• Usually cased in non-metallic materials
Homework!