POSITIONING

• Positioning:– Determination of mobile or stationary objects in space.– Location of an object in a specified coordinate system.

POSITIONINGINTRODUCTION

• Positioning mechanisms:

POSITIONINGINTRODUCTION

• Positioning mechanisms:– GNSS– Mobile phone tracking

• Multilateration of radio signals between cell towers and the phone.– WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network)

• Locating mobile network devices.– UWB Ultra Wide Band

• Radio technology that can use a very low energy level for short‐range,high‐bandwidth communications over a large portion of the radiospectrum.

– WIFI• Measuring the intensity of the received signal.• WPS (Wi‐fi Positioning System).  Software contining Wi‐fi positions.

– Submarine quantum positioning• Accelerometers based on super‐cooled atoms could keep track of position with stunning precision.

POSITIONINGINTRODUCTION

• Techniques:– Many.– Here we’ll use GNSS technologies.

POSITIONINGINTRODUCTION

• GNSS in ordinary life:– Smartphones.– Watches.– Tablets.– Vehicle navigators.– Precision agriculture.– Mining.– Surveying and Geodesy.– …

POSITIONINGGNSS TECHNIQUES

• GNSS and positioning.

POSITIONINGGNSS TECHNIQUES

• In this subject:– Calculation algorithms.– Scientific software (Bernese).– Differential GNSS.– Precise Point Positioning (PPP).– Kinematic GNSS.

POSITIONINGGNSS

• We need to study:– Reference systems.– Reference frames.– Permanent GNSS networks.

POSITIONINGGNSS

• Applications:– Weather.– Transport.– Precision agriculture.– Deformations.

POSITIONINGGNSS

• Satellite navigation and earth observation areprobably the space sector with the greatestgrowth potential both in terms of systemsdevelopment (upstream) and businessopportunities in application development(downstream).– (Javier Ventura. Valencia 2013)– Spokesman for theEuropean Space Agency in Spain

POSITIONINGMARKET

• Geolocation and positioning services required by:– Transport.– Communications.– Precision agriculture.– Emergency services.– Shiping…

• GNSS market prospects:– More than 95% of the market is focused on location‐based services (LBS, integrated mobile) andautomobile transport services.

– Other important sectors are agriculture, marine, railtransport, aviation, energy and scientific applications.

POSITIONINGMARKET

• Calculations algorithms– Own software

• Programming calculations.

– Commercial software• Leica GeoOffice.

– High precision software• Bernese GNSS Software.

POSITIONINGCALCULATIONS

• Precise Positioning Point (PPP)– Post‐processing.– Real‐time.

POSITIONINGPPP

• Permanent GNSS networks (CORS):– Establishment.– Operation.– Services.

POSITIONINGPERMANENT NETWORKS

• Differential GNSS:– RTK.– NTRIP.– EGNOS.

POSITIONINGDIFFERENTIAL GNSS

• Weather applications– Atmospheric analysis:

• Ionosphere.– Ionospheric delay.– Total electron content (TEC).

• Troposphere.– Tropospheric delay.– Integrated precipitable water vapor (PWV).

POSITIONINGWEATHER APPLICATIONS

• Geodynamics– Natural disasters.

• Earthquakes.• Subsidence.• Plate tectonics.

– Deformations.• Landslides…

POSITIONINGGEODYNAMICS

• Combining with geophysical, geotechnical andmeteorological sensors.

• Auscultation:– Bridges.– Dams.– Buildings.– Sliding.

POSITIONINGAUSCULTATIONS

• Precision agriculture.• Guided machinery.

POSITIONINGPRECISION AGRICULTURE

• Fleet Management.• ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems).

POSITIONINGFLEET MANAGEMENT

• Using mobile devices sensors.

POSITIONINGINDOOR POSITIONING

1. Positioning. Concept and methods.2. GNSS. Navigation and positioning systems.3. GNSS. Coordinate systems and frameworks. Orbits. Satellite coordinates

calculation.4. Equations of navigation and positioning (code and phase).5. Precise positioning PPP.6. Calculation of geodetic networks and application of GNSSS to geodynamics.7. The atmosphere. Ionospheric and tropospheric delay.8. Control of local deformations from GNSS observables.9. DGNSS‐RTK. Applications in cartography, topography and land management.10. DGNSS differential large areas. Service providers.11. GNSS and EGNOS applied in precision agriculture.12. GNSS and its application in air, maritime and river navigation. Fleet tracking.13. GNSS permanent stations. Operation, construction and design.

SYLLABUS

Type Description Weight

Writing testTimed test, held under control, in which the student buildshis answer. It may be granted or not the right to consultmaterial.

30%

Academic work Development of a project which can range from simplebrief work done in class to more large and complex jobs. 20%

ProyectA teaching strategy in which students develop a new andunique product by performing a series of tasks andeffective use of resources.

30%

CaseIt involves the analysis and resolution of a situation thatpresents multiple solution, through reflection anddialogue for a integrated and meaningful group learning.

20%

ASSESSMENT

SCHEDULE

POSITIONING2016-17

SEPTIEMBERDATE THEORY LECTURER PRACTICE LECTURER

28-sep Wedn. PL-1 Pos. Concepts and methodology Ana29-sep Thur. PL-2 Natalia

OCTOBERDATE THEORY LECTURER PRACTICE LECTURER

5-oct Wedn. PL-1 GNSS. Nav. and pos. Systems Ana Trabajo Ana6-oct Thur. PL-2 Natalia Natalia

12-oct Festivo13-oct Thur. PL-2 GNSS. Coordinates and orbits Natalia Satellite coordinates calculation. Natalia19-oct Wedn. PL-1 GNSS. Coordinates and orbits Ana Satellite coordinates calculation. Ana20-oct Thur. PL-2 Nav. and pos. ecuations Natalia Code coordinates calculation. Natalia26-oct Wedn. PL-1 Nav. and pos. ecuations Ana Code coordinates calculation. Ana27-oct Thur. PL-2 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel

NOVEMBERDATE THEORY LECTURER PRACTICE LECTURER

9-nov Wedn. PL-1 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel10-nov Thur. PL-2 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel16-nov Wedn. PL-1 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel17-nov Thur. PL-2 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel23-nov Wedn. PL-1 PPP Ángel PPP Ángel24-nov Thur. PL-2 GNSS y Geodynamics Natalia Bernese Natalia30-nov Wedn. PL-1 GNSS y Geodynamics Natalia Bernese Natalia

SCHEDULE

POSITIONING

2016-17

DECEMBERDATE THEORY LECTURER PRACTICE LECTURER

1-dic Thur. PL-2 GNSS. Atmospheric delay. Natalia Bernese Natalia7-dic Wedn. PL-1 GNSS. Atmospheric delay. Natalia Bernese Natalia8-dic Festivo

14-dic Wedn. PL-1 Deformations control. Nieves/Ana Bernese Natalia15-dic Thur. PL-2 Deformations control. Nieves/Natalia Bernese Natalia21-dic Wedn. PL-1 Diferential big areas. Natalia Bernese Natalia22-dic Thur. PL-2 Diferential big areas. Natalia Bernese Natalia

JANUARYDATE THEORY LECTURER PRACTICE LECTURER

11-ene Wedn. PL-1 Precision agriculture Natalia Outside class Natalia/Ana12-ene Thur. PL-2 Precision agriculture Natalia Outside class Natalia/Ana18-ene Wedn. PL-1

Navegation and fleets. Metrovalencia visit19-ene Thur. PL-2

25-ene Wedn. PL-1 Permanent stations. Natalia Kinematic TB. Ana26-ene Thur. PL-2 Permanent stations. Natalia Kinematic TB. Natalia

• Lecturers (tutorial support):– Ana Belén Anquela

• (Headmistress)• anquela@upvnet.upv.es

– Natalia Garrido • Office Nº 224 (2nd floor)• ngarrido@cgf.upv.es

– Ángel Martín • Office Nº 214 (2nd floor)• aemartin@upvnet.upv.es

POSITIONINGLECTURERS - BIBLIOGRAPHY

• Bibliography:– GNSS – Global Navigation Satellite Systems. GPS, GLONASS,

Galileo, and more. (Hofmann‐Wellenhof, B., Lichtenegger, H.and Wasle, E., 2008)

– GNSS. GPS : fundamentos y aplicaciones en Geomática (Berné, J.L., Anquela, A. B. and Garrido, N., 2015)

– Sciences of Geodesy – I. Advances and Future Directions (Xu, G.,2010)

– Bernese GNSS Software (Dach, R., Lutz, S., Walser, P. and Fridez,P., 2015)

– Algorithms for Global Positioning (Strang, G. and Borre, K., 2012)– GNSS DATA PROCESSING Volume II: Laboratory Exercises (Sanz,

J., Juan, J.M. and Hernández‐Pajares, M., 2013)– Navipedia (European Space Agency (ESA)) ‐ www.navipedia.net

POSITIONINGLECTURERS - BIBLIOGRAPHY

THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION

POSITIONING