Phonetics ??? Oh God !

What is it ?Today , we

talkabout

phonetics

PHONETICS ( THE 1ST DISCUSSION)By : Dyo

LET’S TALK ABOUT LINGUISTICS

• A science.• A part of

Linguistics.• About how

sounds are pronounced in various context.

• Focuses on the smallest unit of structure in language

PHONETICS IS …

Expert on Phonetics is known

Phonetician

Divided to 3 parts :• Acoustic• Auditory• Articulator

y

Branches of Phonetics

1. Acoustic

Pronunciation sound can be heard because pronunciation is a physic act, so it has physic characteristics and can be explained in term of Physic Science. In Phonetics’ laboratory can be found electronics are difficult like Spectograf. Thus, linguists can describe the sounds, physicly.

2. Auditory

This branch is process of acceptance of pronunciation sound by ear. The process is described with physiology language of hearing sense and hearing organ. This branch is not too involved in Linguistics. It is more including to Medical Science.

3. Articulatory

This study is the most important of Phonetics. From study of pronunciation, actually the sounds are produced by special organs in ourselves. And special sounds can be provided to special organs that produce them. In Articulatory talks about Place Of Articulation and Manner Of Articulation.

Places of articulation are the places where speech sounds are produced. They are :Bilabial is a speech sound made by both upper and lower lip. These speech sounds are represented by the symbol [p], [b], [m].Examples : Pie, buy, my

Labiodentals is a speech sound formed with upper teeth and lower lip. The speech sound can be presented by the symbol [f] and [v].Examples : fan, vanNote : paragraph, cough, photo [f]

Dental is a s speech sound produced with tongue against the upper front teeth. The speech sound can be presented by the symbol [θ] and [ð].Examples : [θ] : teeth, three, Thursday [ð]: the, there, then

Alveolar is a speech sound formed with the tongue touching behind upper front teeth. The speech sound can be represented by the symbol [t], [d], [n], [s], [z].Examples : tie, die, nut, see, zoo

Palatal is a speech sound produced with the tongue and the palate. The speech sound can be represented by the symbol [ʃ] “sh” and [tʃ] “ch”.Examples : [ʃ] : brush, wash, wish [tʃ]: church, chicken, teacher

Velar is a speech sound produced with back of the tongue against the velum (soft palate). The speech sound can be represented by the symbol [k] and [g].Examples : [k] : kid, kill, kick, car [g] : bag, good, goose, glass

Glottal is a speech sound produced without the active use of the tongue and other parts of the mouth. This speech sound can be represented by the symbol [h].Examples : have, has, house, whom, whose, who.

Manner of Articulation (how to produce sounds)

•Stop is the sound produced by some from of stopping the air stream then releasing it suddenly. These sound can be represented by the symbol [p], [b], [t], [d], [k], [g].

•Fricative is the sounds made by blocking the air stream and having the air push through the very narrow opening. These sounds can be represented by the symbols [f], [v], [], [ð], [s], [z], [ʃ], [ʒ].

•Affricate is the sounds made by stopping the air stream then followed immediately by fricative. In the other word, it’s combination of “stop” and “fricative”. These sounds can be represented by the symbol “[tʃ] as (ch)” and “[ʤ] as (j)”.

•Nasal is the sounds produced by sending the stream ir of air through the nose. These sounds can be represented by the symbol [m], [n], [ŋ].

•Liquid is the sounds produced when the tongue touches the middle part of the alveolar ridge. These sounds can be symbolized with [l] and [r]. when you pronounce the symbol [r], your tongue tip will raise and curl back near the alveolar ridge.

•Glide is the sounds by moving the tongue from one position to another. These sounds are symbolized with [w] and [j].

•Glottal stop is the sound produced by closing the opening the glottis (vocal cord). This sound is symbolized with [Ɂ]. You can produce the glottal stop if you try to say the word “butter” and “bottle” without pronouncing the “-tt-ˮ part in the middle.

•Flaps is the sound is produced by the tongue tip tapping the alveolar ridge briefly. When you pronounce the word “letter” that is close to “ladder”, it’s mean you are making a flap.

Note: it should be better, if the reader also find and understand International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA).

REFERENCES

F. Meyer, Charles. 2009. Introducing English Linguistics. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Chaedar Alwasilah, A. 2011. Linguistik Suatu Pengantar. Bandung: Angkasa.

Fadhly Farhy Abbas, M. 2015. A Coursebook Of Pronunciation. Pekanbaru: Lancang Kuning University.

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