Human Body Systems Presented by Essence

Systems

The human body is classified in one main

way; body systems

I. Immune System Purpose:❖ To protect the body from diseases, bacteria,

fungi, and virusesOrgans that make up the Immune System-

1. Thymus 2. Spleen

3. Lymph Nodes

ThymusDefinition:❖ An organ situated in the neck that

produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at puberty.

SpleenDefinition:❖ An organ that produces, removes blood cells

and an important part of the immune system.

Lymph Nodes

Definition:❖ Small, bean-shaped organs clustered

mostly in the neck, armpit and groin with a type of white blood cell that filters bacteria, viruses and other foreign substances such as cancer cells.

II. Integumentary

Function:❖ Protects the body from various types of

external damage, e.i. excretion, homeostasis, and melanin.

Examples of damage:❖ Dehydration❖ Abrasions Organs:❖ Skin

Skin Layers nr Dermis(3 layers)

Epidermis-Outer layer of skin, sheds every 2 weeks

Dermis-Hair follicles start here, pain sensors, nerve endings, blood vessels, and glands.

HypodermisStores body fat

III. Skeletal System

5 Purposes of the Skeletal System-I. Support

II. Protection III. Mineral Storage

IV. Blood Cell ReproductionV. Mineral Distributer

Skeletal System Fun Facts

● A baby is born with 300 bones

● An adult has 206 bones● A female pelvis is larger and

flatter than a males

IV. Muscular System

3 Functions:❖ Circulates blood/ other bodily fluids

❖ Help complete daily actions❖ Maintain posture

Muscle Fun Facts Muscles:❖ Soft tissue that help complete daily actions❖ You have 650 muscles❖ Muscles take up ½ the weight of the human

body❖ Muscles are 3x as dense as fat❖ Nervous System control muscles❖ There are 3 types of muscles smooth, cardiac

and skeletal

Smooth/Visceral MuscleFound in:❖ Stomach❖ Intestines❖ Blood vesselsCharacteristics:❖ Weakest of all muscles❖ Involuntary❖ Do not tire easy❖ Not striated

Cardiac MuscleFound in:❖ Only the Heart

Characteristics:❖ Pumps blood through body❖ Involuntary❖ Stimulates itself to contract

Skeletal MusclesFound in:❖ Connect to skeletonsCharacteristics: ❖ Allow us to move❖ Voluntary❖ Striated❖ Tendons attach muscles to bonesStriated:❖ When a cell is banded, making it move faster

Muscle Specialists

❖ Rheumatologist❖ Orthopedists❖ Neurologists

V. Nervous System❖ The nervous system is a collection of nerves

and neurons that control the body❖ There are 3 parts of the nervous systems,

cranial, autonomic, central.

Nervous System Organs/Parts

Central-● Brain● Spinal Cord● Retina(in eyeball)Cranial-● Brain● Eyes● Nose● Other parts of the

head

Autonomic-● Lungs ● Heart● Stomach● Intestines● Bladder● Sex organs

Neurological Process

Neurons send signals through a fiber, AXONSAxons release junctions called SYNAPSESSynapses give commands in a fraction of a millisecond

Neuron in action

Cervical- blueThoracic- pink Lumbar- greenSacral- orange

VI. Endocrine System Function:❖ Produces chemicals that control many of the

bodies activities, growth and development

❖ Controls a body’s response to a drastic event

❖ Produces hormones

VI. Endocrine System

Characteristics/ Facts:

❖ Made up of glands

❖ Releases/produces chemicals

❖ During changes in emotions, the Endocrine

system stops the hormones

❖ The Endocrine system releases chemicals

directly into the bloodstream

Endocrine System Glands/Parts❖ Pituitary gland(brain)❖ Hypothalamus(brain)❖ Thyroid Gland❖ Parathyroid(brain)❖ Adrenal gland❖ Thymus gland❖ Pancreas Gland❖ Ovaries❖ Testes

Hormones Produced❖ Regulate Metabolism

❖ Growth/Development (female-estrogen

male-testosterone)

❖ Tissue Function

❖ Sexual Function

❖ Reproduction

❖ Sleep and Mood

VIII.Circulatory System Functions:❖ Flows the blood❖ Transports nutrients❖ Spreads oxygen and other gases❖ “Highway for blood”❖ Carries hormones to and from cells❖ Fights off diseases❖ Homeostasis❖ Stable pH balance❖ Moves lymph (clear fluid that gets rid of

waste)

BLOOD FACTS-

❖ 2,000 gallons of blood travel through

60,000 miles of blood vessels

❖ Adults have 5-6 quarts of blood

❖ Blood is plasma, red blood cells, white blood

cells, and platelets.

How the Circulatory System worksThe Circulatory system works on 3 systems:

● Heart(Cardiovascular)

● Lungs(Pulmonary)

● Arteries,veins,coronary, portals,and vessels

(Systematic)

Circulatory System1. The pulmonary circulatory system (lungs) sends oxygen deprived blood

from the heart

2. Then returns oxygenated blood to the heart through the pulmonary vein.

3. Oxygen-deprived blood enters the right artery of the heart and flows

through the right atrioventricular valve into the right ventricle (in the heart.)

4. From there it is pumped through the pulmonary semilunar valve into the

pulmonary artery on its way to the lungs (heart to lungs.)

5. When it gets to the lungs, carbon dioxide is released from the blood and

oxygen is absorbed. The pulmonary vein sends the oxygen-rich blood back

to the heart.

Heart Diagram

IX.Reproductive System Function:

❖ To create new life, offspring

❖ The female and male reproductive system is

entirely different

Female

Male

IX. Urinary SystemFunction:❖ Release urine from the bodyOrgans/Parts:❖ Kidneys❖ Ureters❖ Urethra❖ Nephron❖ Bladder

Urinary System Facts❖ Adults have 1.42 liters of urine a day❖ A healthy bladder can hold 16 oz. of urine❖ Medication can affect the amount of urine

produced❖ Beverages like coffee can increase urine

production❖ Small amounts of urine are emptied into the

bladder from the ureters about every 10 to 15 seconds.

Urinary System❖ The kidneys remove urea ( waste product

formed by the breakdown of proteins) from the blood through small filtering units called nephrons.

❖ Substances form as the urine passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.

❖ From the kidneys, urine travels to the bladder.

X. Digestive System Functions:

● Breaks down food into useful molecules

● Moves molecules through the bloodstream

● Eliminates Waste

Organs/ PartsI. Epiglottis

II. LiverIII. GallbladderIV. Small IntestineV. Mouth

VI. Salivary Glands VII. Esophagus

VIII. Rectum/AnusIX. Stomach X. Pancreas

XI. Large Intestine

DigestionDefinition:When the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. Ex. Carbs break down into energy

Mechanical Digestion:When the body is PHYSICALLY breaking down foodChemical Digestion: When the CHEMICALLY body breaks down food.

Absorption Definition:When nutrients pass the “digestive walls” into the the bloodstream. Materials (fiber) are absorbed and are eliminated into feces.

Bibliography:www.brainpop.com www.howstuffworks.comwww.livescience.comwww.animals.about.com www.factspy.com