Organ Systems of the Human Body

8/8/2019 Organ Systems of the Human Body

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Organ Systems of theOrgan Systems of the

Human BodyHuman Body



What we already knowWhat we already know

� WE ARE ORGANISMS!!!!!

± A LIVING THING THAT IS MADE UP

OF VARIOUS ORGAN SYSTEMS.� An organ system is made of groups of organs that

perform a specific function.

� An organ is made of one or more tissues that work

together � Tissues is a group of similar cells that work together

� Cells are made of organelles



Skeletal SystemSkeletal System

� Consists of 206 BONES

� Provides the FRAMEWORK that

SUPPORTS the body� PROTECTS organs from injury

� Help the body to MOVE

� CREATES blood cell� STORES calcium and other minerals



Why we need BONESWhy we need BONES

� Leg, pelvic, spine,shoulder, and neck bones

� Spine & Skull

� The Ribs

� Body Movement

� Bone Marrow

� Bones are made of

calcium & minerals

� SUPPORT the body¶sweight

� PROTE

CT the centralnervous system and brain

� PROTECT the lungs,heart, liver, and stomach

� Muscles work against it to

move body� CREATES new blood

cells

� The body needs calcium& minerals



The Muscular SystemThe Muscular System

� Consists of more than

600 muscles

� CONTRACT and

RELAX

� CONTROLLED by the

BRAIN

� Almost ½ your bodyweight is made of

muscle



Kinds of MuscleKinds of Muscle� Skeletal Muscles: MOVES the BODY

± Attached to the bones by stretchy tissue and work inpairs

± When one muscle contracts, the other relaxes,causing the bones to move

� Smooth Muscles: MOVES ORGANS

± Protect and move special organs in your body likeyour stomach, intestines, and your lungs.

± These muscles don't move when we want them to,

they move on their own� Cardiac Muscles: Heart

± The heart is a large powerful muscle that pumpsblood throughout the body

± These muscles don't move when we want them to,they move on their own



Digestive SystemDigestive System

� Consists of organs and glands that allows

us to absorb nutrients from the food we

eat± Parts: mouth, esophagus, stomach, small

intestine, and large intestine

� Like a long, twisting tube inside the body



How digestion worksHow digestion works

� Mouth- breaks up food

� Esophagus- leads food tothe stomach

� Stomach- mixes food with

acidic digestive juices tohelp digest food properly

� Small Intestine- Smallhair like tubes calledVILLI are in the small

intestine and help toabsorb the nutrients fromthe digested food for thebody to use

� Large Intestine- extractsthe remaining liquid from

the digested food creatingsolid waste



Respiratory SystemRespiratory System

� Consists of the Pharynx, Larynx, Trachea, Bronchi, Lungs, and theDiaphragm

� This is how we breath

� The diaphragm is a muscle the pulls down the lungs

� The lungs expand and fill with air � The air has oxygen and reaches the blood though the lungs

� The blood takes in the oxygen and releases the carbon dioxide

� The exchange of these gases in the lungs is called breathing



Circulatory SystemCirculatory System

� Also called the cardiovascular system

� Consists of your heart, arteries, veins, and bloodvessels.

� Probably the most important system of thehuman body.

� The Heart pumps over 4,000 gallons of blooddaily and it beats 30 million times a year. It never

takes a vacation. It pumps about 70 times aminute when you are relaxing. If you exercise,your heart works harder and pumps much faster.



� The heart pumpsblood throughout thebody

� Blood carries oxygenand nutrients

� Oxygen and nutrientsare carried to all parts

of your body by thepumping bloodthrough the veins



Lymphatic SystemLymphatic System

� Also called the

immune system

� Helps defend the

body against germs

like viruses, bacteria,

and fungi that cancause sicknesses.



Nervous SystemNervous System� The most COMPLEX and

DE

LICATE

of all thesystems

� Consists of the brain,

sensory organs, spinal

cord, and nerves

� Controls ever function of

the body

± Creates the five

sense: touch, hear,

smell, taste, see± Body movement

± Allows us to remember



Excretory SystemExcretory System

� Consists of the kidneys andbladder

� Filtration and waste disposal

� The body makes chemical

waste it cannot use� The waste is collected in theblood

� The blood flows through thekidneys and filters out thewaste

� The waste is sent to thebladder and then sent out of the body through urine



Endocrine SystemEndocrine System

� Consists of glands:

± Thyroid glands, pituitary

glands, pancreas, and the

reproductive glands

� These glands produce

HORMONES

± the chemical messengers

of the body

� Hormones aid in body

development and growth



Integumentary SystemIntegumentary System

� Contains the largest organ of your body± The SKIN

± Three layers: Epidermis,Dermis, Hypodermis

� Also made up of your hair,fingernails, oil and sweatglands

� Helps protect the body frominfections and injury

� Helps to regulate the body¶stemperature through sweatwhen we are hot

� Sweat also helps removewastes

� Keeps moisture in our body toprevent dehydration



Reproductive SystemReproductive System

� Males

± Have testes± Produce sperm

� Females

± Have ovaries± Produce eggs

Reproduction is the ability to have offspring

Human reproductive systems differ in males andfemales

Sperm fertilize egg

Fertilized egg develops in to an offspring

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Organ Systems of the Human Body