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Open-pit mines are Open-pit mines are used when deposits of used when deposits of commercially useful commercially useful mineralsminerals or or rockrock are are found near the found near the surface; that is, where surface; that is, where the overburden is the overburden is relatively thin or the relatively thin or the material of interest is material of interest is structurally structurally unsuitable for unsuitable for tunneling.tunneling.

OPEN PIT MININGOPEN PIT MINING

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Open-pit mines are typically Open-pit mines are typically enlarged until either the enlarged until either the mineral resource is mineral resource is exhausted, or an increasing exhausted, or an increasing ratio of overburden to ore ratio of overburden to ore makes further mining makes further mining

uneconomic.uneconomic.

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The exhausted mines are The exhausted mines are sometimes converted to sometimes converted to landfills for disposal of landfills for disposal of solid wastes. However, solid wastes. However, some form of water some form of water control is usually control is usually required to keep the mine required to keep the mine pit from becoming a lake. pit from becoming a lake.

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ExtractionExtraction Open Cut mines are Open Cut mines are

dug on benches, dug on benches, which describe which describe

vertical levels of the vertical levels of the hole. These benches hole. These benches

are usually on four are usually on four meter to sixty meter meter to sixty meter intervals, depending intervals, depending

on the size of the on the size of the machinery that is machinery that is being used. Many being used. Many

quarries do not use quarries do not use benches, as they are benches, as they are

usually shallow. usually shallow.

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RehabilitationRehabilitation After mining finishes, After mining finishes,

the mine area must the mine area must undergo rehabilitation. undergo rehabilitation. Waste dumps are Waste dumps are contoured to flatten contoured to flatten them out, to further them out, to further stabilise them.stabilise them.

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