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Open Rubrics andthe Semantic Web
Brian PanullaPanulla Information Systems
Megan KohlerPennsylvania State University
Open Ed 2010The Seventh Annual Open Education Conference
2-4 November, 2010Barcelona, Spain
Open Ed 2010
About Us
Megan [email protected]
Brian PanullaTwitter: @bpanulla
(c)2010 Google, Imagery (c)2010 TerraMetrics, NASA, Map data (c)2010 Europa Technologies, Google, INEGI, AND
Open Ed 2010
What is a Rubric?
•Education/Teaching instrument
•Tries to measure learning▫Self-assessment▫Evaluation (grading)
Open Ed 2010
Benefits of Rubrics
•Consistency in grading•Efficiency in reviewing students’ work•Customized feedback•Scalability for large course sizes
Open Ed 2010
Rubrics on the Web• Presentational formats
▫ PDF▫ MS Word▫ Excel▫ HTML
• Difficult to read with software
• Proprietary formats▫ “Walled Gardens”
• Limited portability / linkability
Open Ed 2010
Open Ed 2010
Why open rubrics?
•Shareable, portable
•Machine-readable
•Linkable like The Web▫Build libraries of feedback / comments
•Semantic Web?
Open Ed 2010
Three things the SW is not:
1. Semantic HTML2. Artificial Intelligence3. Magic
Open Ed 2010
New W3C Languages
▫Resource Description Framework (RDF)
▫RDF Schema
▫Web Ontology Language (OWL)
Yes, rly.
Open Ed 2010
The SW is infrastructure
•A parallel information system architecture
•Web content, pages do not need to change
Open Ed 2010http://xkcd.com/773/
SemanticWeb
Open Ed 2010
Linked Data
•Publish/Syndicate complete information sets
•Embedded explicit semantics, unique identifiers
•Have minimal impact to other Web information publishing
•May be static or dynamically generated
Open Ed 2010
Linked Data - 2008
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
Open Ed 2010
Linked Data - 2008
http://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/
Open Ed 2010
Rubric Ontology
•Main classes▫Rubric
Analytic, Holistic▫Category▫Criterion▫Level
▫Scope▫Scoring
•Main properties▫hasCriteria▫hasLevels▫title▫description▫benchmark▫score▫weight▫feedback
Open Ed 2010
Criterion
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Level
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Category
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Scope and Scoring
•Scope of assessed/evaluated work:
▫Individual▫Team▫Peer▫Self
•Scoring mode of the assignment
▫Scored▫Unscored
Open Ed 2010
Integration
•Friend of a Friend (FOAF) http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec
•Creative Commons RDF http://creativecommons.org/ns
•Dublin Core?
Open Ed 2010
Rubric Projects• PSU Faculty-Self Assessment for Online Teaching
https://weblearning.psu.edu/FacultySelfAssessment
• PSU Rubric Module for Drupal 6 @ Drupal.org http://drupal.org/project/rubric
• Rubric Ontology http://github.com/bpanulla/rubric-ontology
• Rubric Builder (Flex / AIR) – RSN*• Rubric Module for Drupal 7 – design phase
* - Real Soon Now
Backup
Open Ed 2010
Linked Data: GeoNames
http://www.geonames.org/3128760/barcelona.html
Open Ed 2010
Open Ed 2010
Semantics•Explicit “meaning” of symbols
▫ Words – usage, connotation▫ Images - symbolism
•Become really useful when shared
Open Ed 2010
Differs from Syntax
•Rules of how symbols (words, letters, pictures) can be arranged.
I love Sushi
Open Ed 2010
Semantics
•Can be unchanged despite symbols used
I Sushi
Open Ed 2010
Semantics
•Can still be misunderstood without context
I Sushi, but not in that way.
And who or what is “Sushi”?
Open Ed 2010
RDF: Resource Description Framework
•Fundamental knowledge representation
•Everything is a resource
Open Ed 2010
Triples
•RDF is expressed as triples:▫subject (“Penn State”)▫predicate (”is a")▫object (”University”)
PennState
University
Is a
Open Ed 2010
Triples
•Another example:▫subject (“Brian Panulla”)▫predicate (”presented at")▫object (”OpenEd 2010”)
BrianPanulla
OpenEd10
presented At
Open Ed 2010
Triples to Graphs
BrianPanulla
OpenEd2010
PennState
University
Is a
attended
PortlandState
Is a
Is located in
Live
s in
City ofPortland
Held in
Spain
Pres
ente
d at
Open Ed 2010
Triples to Graphs
PennState
University
Is a
PortlandState
Is a
Is in
Is located in
City ofPortland
Is inState ofOregon
UnitedStates ofAmerica
Is in
NorthAmerica
Is in
Canada
Is In
Is in
NATO
State ofWashington
Is in
borders
borders
State ofCalifornia
Is in
BrianPanulla
OpenEd2010
attended
Live
s in
Held in
Spain
Pres
ente
d at
Is in
Open Ed 2010
URIs
•Resources are identified by a Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
http://www.psu.edu/owl/ist.owl#CollegeOfIST
http://2010.highedweb.org/sessions.rdf#TPR9
Open Ed 2010
RDF Schemas
•Think of classes in RDFS as sets rather than OOP classes
•RDFS provides limited Set Theory features▫subClassOf▫subPropertyOf▫Domain▫Range
Open Ed 2010
Web Ontologies
•Ontologies describe meaning or intended use.
•OWL adds more expressiveness and many aspects of formal logic to RDF.
Open Ed 2010
Some OWL Features• Classes
▫ Sub-class▫ Equivalent Classes▫ Disjoint Classes▫ Cardinality constraints
(max/min)
• Individuals▫ Same Individual
• Properties▫ Sub-property▫ Equivalent▫ Inverse▫ Symmetric▫ Transitive
Open Ed 2010
Resources
•Semantic Web Programming - John Hebeler, Matthew Fisher, Ryan Blace, and Andrew Perez-Lopez
•Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist: Effective Modeling in RDFS and OWL -Dean Allemang and James Hendler
•Programming the Semantic Web by Toby Segaran, Colin Evans, and Jamie Taylor
