Open Data Dialog 2013 - Linked Data in Education

Motivation Data on the Web

Some eyecatching opener illustrating growth and or diversity of web data

Linked Data and Education – Opportunities, Challenges & the case of LinkedUp

Stefan Dietze (L3S Research Center, DE,

@stefandietze, http://purl.org/dietze)

Stefan Dietze 18/11/13

„…waiting @ #berlinhbf“

„blurb… Berlin ...main

station… „blurb… Berlin

central…“

„blurb… Tiergarten … Bahnhof…“

?


„…Lehrter Bahnhof…“

HTML pages PDFs Social Data

Once upon a time (just a short while ago in fact)

“A little semantics goes a long way” (J. Hendler1)

dbp:Berlin

dbp:populatedPlace

dbp:Berlin_Hauptbahnhof

dbp:Berlin_Central_Station dbp:Lehrter_Bahnhof

typeOf

location

redirectOf redirectOf

Semantic Web

Adding meaning through shared vocabularies and schemas (eg DBpedia)

W3C standards RDF & SPARQL for data & knowledge representation and querying

Persistent URIs to reference & interlink data on the Web

1 Hendler, J., The Dark Side of the Semantic Web, IEEE Intelligent Systems, Jan/Feb 2007

dbp:Tiergarten

city

typeOf

„…waiting @ #berlinhbf“

„blurb… Berlin ...main

station… „blurb… Berlin

central…“

„blurb… Tiergarten … Bahnhof…“

„…Lehrter Bahnhof…“

HTML pages PDFs Social Data

Use of URIs, RDF and SPARQL for exposing data

De-facto standard for sharing data on the Web

Vision: well connected graph of open Web data

350+ datasets and 32 billion triples in LOD Cloud alone

Semantic Web / Linked Data

Source: http://lod-cloud.net/state, September 2011

Media Ontology

FOAF

Gene Ontology

FMA Ontology

BIBO

Geo Ontology

DBpedia Ontology

Dublin Core

rNews

Other „incarnations“:

Google Knowledge Graph

Facebook Open Graph

http://schema.org

http://lod-cloud.net/state



http://schema.org/

Linked Data for Education – How is it useful? 1. Linked Data as body of knowledge for education

vast amount of publicly available resources and data (300+ datasets, 32 billion statements LOD alone)

Dedicated OER and university data + „knowledge resources“ (from DBpedia to Slideshare)

2. Linked Data as set of principles and W3C standards for data sharing

RDF, SPARQL & shared vocabularies to improve interoperability of educational data

Supports Open Education Resources (OER) vision: reuse across isolated platforms

Interlinking educational Resources and the Web of Data – a

Survey of Challenges and Approaches

Stefan Dietze, Salvador Sanchez-Alonso, Hannes Ebner, Hong Qing

Yu, Daniela Giordano, Ivana Marenzi, Bernardo Pereira Nunes,

Emerald Program: electronic Library and Information Systems,

Volume 47, Issue 1 (2013).

Linked Data for Open and Distance Learning

Mathieu d’Aquin, report for the Common Wealth of Learning, Stefan Dietze 18/11/13

„HTTP-accessibility“ (SPARQL, URI-dereferencing)

„Structure“ & „Semantics“ (=> shared/linked vocabularies)

„Interlinked“

„Persistent“

http://linkededucation.org

http://linkeduniversities.org

How LD principles can be useful for data sharing LD as background knowledge

Trusted knowledge, exposed via

established standards

Shared semantics (enrichment,

disambiguation)




„Interlinked“

„Persistent“

http://dbpedia.org/resources/Berlin

<yo:Video 8748720>

<dc:title>Pluto & the

Dwarf Planets</dc:title>

…

</yo:Video 8748720>

Video

<sioc:Item 2139393292>

<title>Planetary motion

& gravity</title>

…

</sioc:Item 2139393292>

Slideset

Semantics of terms? Topics/categories addressed? Relatedness of resources/entities? (types, semantics)

<po:Programme519215>

<po:Series>Wonders of the Solar

System</po:Series>

<po:Episode>Emp. of the Sun</po:Episode>

<po:Actor>Brian Cox</po:Actor>

</po:Programme519215 >

Programme

Combining a co-occurrence-based and a semantic measure

for entity linking, B. P. Nunes, S. Dietze, M.A. Casanova, R.

Kawase, B. Fetahu, and W. Nejdl., ESWC 2013 - 10th Extended

Semantic Web Conference, (May 2013).



<yo:Video 8748720>



…

</yo:Video 8748720>

Video <po:Programme519215>


System</po:Series>




Programme

Brian Cox?

Sun?

Pluto?



db:Pluto

(Dwarf Planet)

db:Astrono-

mical Objects

db:Sun

db:Astronomy

<yo:Video 8748720>



…

</yo:Video 8748720>



System</po:Series>




Programme

<sioc:Item 2139393292>


& gravity</title>

…

</sioc:Item 2139393292>

Slideset



…why are there so few datasets actually used?

LD reuse and links very much focused on trusted „reference graphs“ such as DBpedia

Long tail of LD datasets which are neither reused nor linked to (LOD Cloud alone consists of 300+ datasets)

Explanations?

That’s awesome, but...

Hm,

really?




„Interlinked“

„Persistent“

LD is more heterogeneous than we think SPARQL Web-Querying Infrastructure:

Ready for Action?, Carlos Buil-Aranda, Aidan Hogan, Jürgen

Umbrich Pierre-Yves Vandenbussch, International Semantic Web

Conference 2013, (ISWC2013).

SPARQL endpoint availability over time [Buil-Aranda et al 2013]

“Availability” & “Standards” ?

Less than 50% of all SPARQL endpoints actually responsive at given point of time (“high reliability”)

“THE” SPARQL protocol? No, but many subsets/variants

Huge differences in response times

Shared vocabularies & schemas, but:

…still very heterogeneous [d’Aquin, WebSci13]

…data partially messy an not conformant (RDFS, schemas) [HoganJWS2012]

…even widely used reference datasets such as DBpedia noisy [Fürber2010]

Co-occurence graph of data types in 146 datasets: 144 Vocabularies, 588 highly overlapping types, 719 Properties

Assessing the Educational Linked Data Landscape, D’Aquin, M.,

Adamou, A., Dietze, S., ACM Web Science 2013 (WebSci2013), Paris,

France, May 2013.

Using semantic web resources for data quality management. Fürber,

C., Hepp, M..2010,. In Proceedings of the 17th international conference on

Knowledge engineering and management by the masses (EKAW'10),

Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 211-225.

An empirical survey of Linked Data conformance. Hogan, A., Umbrich,

J., Harth, A., Cyganiak, R., Polleres, A., Decker., S., In the Journal of Web

Semantics 14: pp. 14–44, 2012

12

(Linked) Open Data for Educationnutshell

(Open) Educational Resources

World

Wide

Web

Distance Universities

Linked Open Data

MOOCs


http://linkededucation.org &


Using/exploiting Linked Data in Education ?

Lack of reliable dataset metadata about

Resource types

Topics & disciplines

Quality, currentness & availability

Provenance

Lack of links and cross-dataset references

Lack of federated query approaches

….

http://linkededucation.org/


http://linkeduniversities.org/


Stefan Dietze 18/11/13 13

Success models: data & applications

LinkedUp Challenge to identify innovative tools & applications

Evaluation methods and approaches

“LinkedUp” – Linking Web Data for Education L

Data curation

Technology transfer & community-building

Collecting & exposing open data of educational relevance => LinkedUp Data Catalog

Profiling and linking of Web Data for education => educational data graph

Disseminating knowledge & building communities (educators, computer scientists, data engineers)

Gathering stakeholder feedback: use cases, and requirements

European project aimed at advancing take-up of open data and related technologies

http://linkedup-challenge.org/#usecases

http://linkedup-project.eu/events

http://www.linkedup-challenge.org/

http://data.linkededucation.org

http://linkedup-project.eu


17/09/2013 14

Who we areL

LinkedUp Network

LinkedUp Consortium

LinkedUp Advisory Board







http://linkedup-challenge.org/#usecases

http://linkedup-project.eu/events





Data curation





Goal: helping data consumers to discover and use suitable datasets

Dataset selection: “LinkedUp/Linked Education cloud” (http://datahub.io/groups/linked-education)

RDF (VoID) catalog of datasets (LinkedUp Catalog): classification of datasets according to, eg, represented types, disciplines/topics, data quality, accessability

Links and coreferences => unified view on data => Linked Education Graph

Infrastructure, unified (SPARQL) endpoint & APIs for federated querying

Data curation and dataset profiling LinkedUp approach

Educational Datasets

LinkedUp

Catalog Automated processing to generate: Descriptive VoID/RDF Dataset Catalog Data links


http://datahub.io/groups/linked-education



LinkedUp Data Catalog in a nutshell http://datahub.io/group/linked-education

http://data.linkededucation.org/linkedup/catalog/

VoID dataset catalog: browse, explore and query for datasets/types

Federated queries using type mappings


db:Pluto

(Dwarf

Planet)

db:Astrono-

mical Objects

db:Sun

What‘s all the data about: dataset profiling

db:Astronomy

<yo:Video 8748720>



…

</yo:Video 8748720>



System</po:Series>




Programme

<sioc:Item 2139393292>


& gravity</title>

…

</sioc:Item 2139393292>

Slideset


Issue:

Considering LOD as knowledge graph, most nodes are connected

Relevance of topics (DBpedia entities & categories) for particular resources and datasets?

„Topic profile“ of a given dataset?

<po:Programme519215>


System</po:Series>




Programme

db:Astrono-

mical Objects

db:Astronomy

db:Sun

Goal: extracting representative „topic profile“ for datasets

How: computing of normalised (DBpedia) category relevance scores from sample resource sets (scalability vs representativeness)

Applied to entire LOD cloud

DBpedia category graph


What‘s all the data about: dataset profiling Generating structured Profiles of Linked Data

Graphs, Fetahu, B; Adamou, A., Dietze, S., d’Aquin,

M., Nunes, B.P., ISWC2013 – 12th International

Semantic Web Conference;

http://data.linkededucation.org/linkedup/categories-explorer

http://data.linkededucation.org/

Dataset profile explorer http://data.linkededucation.org/request/pipeline/sparql



Data curation












Series of 3 competitions („Veni“, „Vidi“, „Vici“) running until end of 2014

Open & focused tracks

Total prize budget of almost 40.000 EUR

LinkedUp support activities


Veni Competition

17 September 2013, Geneva


Tools and demos that analyse or integrate open web data (deadline: 27 June, 1 Open Track, 10.000 EUR awards)

22 submissions, shortlist of 8, from which:

3 winners

People's Choice Award

Final ceremony on 17 September at OKCon, Geneva

The Shortlist incl. 2nd/3rd/People’s Choice

DataConf.

KnowNodes

Mismuseos

ReCredible

YourHistory 18/11/13

http://www.globe-town.org/

WeShare - 3rd price / people‘s choice

GlobeTown - 2nd price

http://seek.cloud.gsic.tel.uva.es/weshare/

1st Place: PoliMedia Exploring political debates & events

09/04/13 Stefan Dietze

Cross-media analysis of political events.

Browsing parliament debates & related media coverage

Automatically generated links between transcripts debates, newspaper articles, including their original lay-out on the page, and radio bulletins.

Generated data available as Linked Data (http://data.polimedia.nl)

Data sources: 1) newspapers in their original layout of the historical newspaper archive, and 2) radio bulletins of the Dutch National Press Agency (ANP)

9000+ debates (1945 – 1995)

Over 3000 media links

Martijn Kleppe, Max Kemman, Henri Beunders (Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam), Laura Hollink Damir Juric (Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam), Johan Oomen Jaap Blom (Nederlands Instituut voor Beeld en Geluid)

http://www.polimedia.nl/

http://data.polimedia.nl/

LinkedUp Veni Competition

Wanted: tools and demos that analyse or integrate open web data (for education)

Anyone can participate - researchers, students, developers, industry

“Open track” & “focused tracks”

20.000+ EUR worth of awards

Final awards ceremony at 11th Extended Semantic Web Conference (ESWC2014)

Submission: 14 February 2014

Outlook

18/11/13 25

http://linkedup-challenge.org/

Learning Analytics & Knowledge (LAK) Data Challenge

Analyse, apply, use, exploit the „LAK Dataset“

Finals at Learning Analytics & Knowledge Conference 2014, Indianapolis, US

Submission: 20th January

http://lak.linkededucation.org/

Thank you!

Contact http://purl.org/dietze | @stefandietze

See also (data)

http://datahub.io/group/linked-education


http://data.linkededucation.org/linkedup/catalog/

http://lak.linkededucation.org

See also (general)


http://linkedup-challenge.org

http://linkededucation.org



http://purl.org/dietze





http://data.linkededucation.org/

http://data.linkededucation.org/linkedup/catalog

http://lak.linkededucation.org/

http://linkedup-project.eu/











