PREPARED BY :-MUSTAFIZURAHMAN BIN MUSTAFA KAMAL

CLASS 5 UKM

NUTRTION

NUTRITION

-INTRODUCTION-

All living organism need food to survive Food contains various type of nutrients, such as

proteins, carbohydrates, fats , vitamins and minerals

The intake of nutrients by living organisms is known as nutrition

Food is needed by living organisms (a) to maintain health (b) as a source of energy (c) to carry out life processes such as breathing,

growing, excreting and reproducing• The energy content of a food is known as its

calorific value• The calorific value of a food can be determined by

using a bomb calorimeter

-INTRODUCTION-

The diagram show the instrument ”bomb

calorimeter” that is used to determine the calorific value

of a food

What is Nutrition?

- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms

- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food is calorie (kJ)

- The calorific value of food is the total energy released from food when it is oxidized completely in body

The table shows that the food have different calorific valueClass of food Calorific value (kJ)

Carbohydrates 17.2

Proteins 22.2

Fats 38.5

VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE

FRIED CHICKEN

(110 KJ)

BEEF

(154 KJ)

RICE(205 KJ)

FRUIT

(54 KJ)

EGG

(100 KJ)

TEA(43 KJ)

CLASSES OF FOOD

CLASSES OF FOOD

CARBOHYDRATE

FATS

VITAMINS/MINERALS

PROTEIN

WATER

ROUGHAGE

CARBOHYDRATES

- Carbohydrates is the main source of energy- Examples that food that rich in carbohydrates is:-1. Rice2. Beef Food that have major calories in

carbohydrates3. Bread

Carbohydrates shown right contains starch

that needs to keeps on control in intake

FATS

- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs

- Food that rich in fats:-(a) Chocalate(b)Pizza (c)Cheese

These food cannot take excessively !!!

VITAMINS/MINERALS

- Vitamins helps a person to maintain our health- Food rich in vitamins(a)Vitamin A –Carrots(b)Vitamin B-Tablets, tempe

(c)Vitamin C-mostly vegetables and fruits

PROTEIN

- Protein builds new cells for growth and replace damage cells

- Examples food rich on protein(a) Fish(b) Grain(c) Assorted beans

Protein makes a person to grow in

height.

FUN FACTS

-WATER-

- Water is a medium that is needed in the body for chemical reactions in our body.

We should take 8 glasses of water a day

FUN FACTS

-ROUGHAGE-

- Roughage helps the movement of food through digestive tract (to avoid constipation)

-Food that rich on roughage:-

(a)Fruits (b)Vegetables (c)Nuts (e)Barly

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT:-

- Infants, children and teenagers need more calories than the old people

- This is because they are still growing and needs more energy to undergo the process

- Old people need less energy ; because they are less active

AGE

-Less-(old

people) -More-

(teenegers)

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

SEX

Generally, males need more calories than female because:-(a) Male are more active than females(b) Males have large body size than females

BODY SIZE

- An individual with big body size need more calories than smaller sized individual because:-(a) There are no weight to support(b) There are more cell to feed

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

- A physically active worker such as farmer or a laborer requires more calories than an office worker.

- This is because a lot of energy is used up for muscular contraction

CONDITION OF HEALTH

- A healthy person generally requires more calories than one who is sick.

- This is because is sick person is generally less active or be bedridden

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES REQUIREMENT

SURROUNDING TEMPERATURE

- A person who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories than ones who is in a warm place- This is because in a cold surroundings, more energy is lost

from our body to the surroundings; therefore more calories will be needed to maintain a constant body temperature

Need more(cold

surroundings)

Need less(warm

surroundings)

HEALTH PROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION

- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients in correct quantity

- Dietition are people who are trained to give people advice about what they eat or drink to be healthy

- Improper nutrition can lead to health problems such as:-

MALNUTRITION OBESITY

ANOREXIA NERVOSA

CLICK ANY OF THE TOPIC TO VIEW

MALNUTRITION

- A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet contains insufficient or an excess amount of certain nutrients

- Malnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, list of problem will be shown on the next slide.

High blood pressure

Diabetes

Scurvy

Kwashiorkor

Gout Rickets

MALNUTRITIONDisease/health

disorderCause Symptoms Can be prevent

with:-

High blood pressure -excessive intake of salt, fat , cholesterol

-mostly without symptoms

-exercise-eat less food contain fat

Diabetes -excessive intake of sugar

-presence of sugar on urine

-eat less sweet food

Scurvy -lack of vitamin c -bleeding gums -eat more fruits and vegetables

Kwashiorkor -lack of protein -diarrhoea-accumulation fluid

Consume more seafood's

Rickets -lack of vitamin d -soft bones- Bow leggedness

-Drink more milk-Expose to sunlight

Gout -excessive protein -pain in joints-disposition uric acid

-Reduce taking protein foods

Night blindness -lack of vitamin A -poor vision in dim light

-eat liver,egg,carrots more often

OBESITY

- A person is said to be overeating when he takes in more than what his body needs

- The extra calories will be stored in the form of fats under the skin and around organs

- This can lead to obesity. THIS SHOULD BE

PREVENTED BY REGULAR

EXERCISE

THREE TYPES OF DIESEASES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY

-HEART ATTACK-DIABETES-HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE

-ANOREXIA-

- Anorexia is a psychological illness- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining

weight and starving oneself to become thin and underweight.

- It occurs more often in adolescent females than males

- It can develops slimming which makes a person dislike eating or refusing to eat

- As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight

-Death can occur due to extreme starvation.- It usually needs counseling to treat it.

FUN FACTS

DISEASES RESULTING FROM UNHEALTHY EATING HABITS

- Un healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy

eating habits and their consequences

Unhealthy eating habit Consequences

-Eating too much meat food which are rich in saturated fats and cholesterol

-narrowing of arteries due to deposit of cholesterol

Overeating, especially over consumption of carbohydrates and fats

- Diabetes

-Eating too much snacks and junk food, especially which high in salt

-High blood pressure- Diabetes

- Irregular meal times or skipping meal to often

- Gastric ulcers

-Eating too fat and swallowing food without proper chewing

- Indigestion

GOOD NUTRITION AND GOOD EATING HABITS

- Many health problems and diseases are related to improper nutrition and bad eating habits

- We should take good nutrition and practice good eating habits

- We should take balanced diet- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in

the right amount, in accordance with the needs of our body

- It should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables, moderate amount of protein-rich food, and as little fats and sugar as possible.

- Using a food pyramid will help a balanced diet in daily life

-FOOD PYRAMID-

THE FOOD PYRAMID

ONCE YOU TAKING

NUTRITION BASED ON

FOOD PYRAMID,YOUR

DAILY INTAKE NUTRIENT IS

BALNCED AND HEALTHY

REFERENCES

-SCIENCE PROCESS SKILLS FORM 5

-NEXUS PRO SCIENCE

-INTERNET SITES

-PUAN NOR DIANA AS CONSULANT TEACHER

-VIDEOS FROM YOUTUBE FOR MORE INFO

-SCIENCE FORM 5 TEXT BOOK-MAIN SOURCE

PREPARED BY:MUSTAFIZURAHMAN 5UKM