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Topic Name
NOUN
Prepared by:
Ali Sher
Asif Javed
Muhammad Javed Iqbal
Muhammad Arshad
What is Noun?
A noun is the name of person, place, thing or an
idea.
Nouns
A noun is
a place,
a thing,
or an idea.
a person,
Kinds of nounFollowing are some kinds of nouns:
A concrete noun is the name of thing or person that can be touched or seen.
Table ,Father ,Lahore etc.
Concrete noun
Example
Division of Concrete noun
Concrete noun is further divided into two kinds.
A proper noun is the name of some particular person,place or thing.
Proper noun
Personal names
Keats, Ali, Asia
Geographical names
Pakistan, Punjab, England
Example
Division of Concrete noun
Name of Things
Names of places
Lahore, Karachi, Vehari
Names of months
May, Friday, Spring
Plastic Jug, Revolving ChairWhite board marker
Common nounA common noun is name of common person, place, or
a thing.
Names of places
Village,City,Country,Park
Names of Persons
Man,Woman,boy,girl
Examples
Common nounA common noun is name of common person, place, or
a thing.
Examples
Name of Things
Jug,Marker,chair
Division of Common noun
Common noun are further divided into two kinds.
Countable nouns
Uncountable nouns
And
Countable and uncountable nouns nouns
Count Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
are nouns that you can count.
are nouns that you cannot count.
one chair two chairs
water money
Countable nouns
A countable noun is the name of thing or person that can be counted or divided into singular or plural.
A girl, a boy, a goat, a pencil, a book, a class, an army
See M
ore
Examp
les
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end with a consonant, add s.one Chair two Chair
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For most nouns that end with a vowel, add s.
one bee two bees
(Nouns that end in o are exceptions. See the next two slides.)
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For most nouns that end in o, add s.
one piano two
(See the next slide for exceptions.)
pianos
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For some nouns that end in o, add es. one potato a lot of potatoes
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in a consonant and y, the y becomesies.
one lady five first ladies
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end with a vowel and y, add s.one monkey two monkeys
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in fe, change the fe to v and adds.
one knife three knives
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
For nouns that end in sh, ch, x, s, z, add es.
one dress three dresses
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some plural forms are the same as the singular form.
one sheep two sheep
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some words have no singular form.
scissorsglasses
shorts
To count these nouns, you need to use a pair of, two pairs of, etc.
Countable NounsHow do you make a singular count noun plural?
Some nouns have an irregular plural.
mouse tooth
mice
teeth
foot
feet
Uncountable nouns
Uncountable nouns are those nouns which cannot be counted.
Stars,hair,sands,milk, wool, oxygen, flour, wheat, air etc.
See M
ore
Examp
les
Uncountable nouns
There are a lot of different kinds of Uncountable nouns. Below are some examples.
Types of Uncountable Nouns Examples
No Distinct Parts milk coffee water
Parts That Are Small rice sugar grass
Categories mail furniture money
Abstractions love advice education
Sports/Recreation soccer chess baseball
Fields of Study grammar music law
Medical Conditions arthritis cancer flu
Note – Uncountable nouns take singular verbs.Grammar is useful.
Collective nounA collective noun is the name of a group of beings of
things regarded as a whole:
See m
ore
Examp
les
Forest,Army,Jury,Class,Crowd,Police
Example
A goose
A flock of geese
One hedgehog
A prickle of hedgehogs
An elephant
A herd of elephants
A bloat of Hippopotami
One Hippopotamus
Abstract nounAn abstract noun is the name of an idea ,state ,quality
or feeling:
It cannot be touched.
It cannot be seen.
Love, happiness ,bravery ,joy ,darkness ,honesty , hate etc.
Example
Animate nouns
Refer to a person, animal, or other creature;
(man, elephant, chicken...)
Animate nouns
Inanimate noun
Refers to a material object;
(stone, wood, table...)
An inanimate noun
Compound nouns
These are nouns which are made by combining two ormore items linked with or without a hyphen as;
Breads and butter, Father-in-law, Sidetable,Coffeecups,
Teaspoon, Everyone, Classroom, Timetable, homework etc.
Examples
Material noun
A material noun is a word for a material, a substance, or an ingredient thatother things are made from.
• Brass, calcium ,cement ,cocoa, concrete, cotton, eggs,gold,iron
Examples
GenderThere are three kinds of gender:
Masculine gender show the name of male persons or animals forinstance men, boy, cock, fox,bull,dog
NeuterFeminine Masculine
Masculine
Gender
Feminine gender points out female persons or animals aswomen, girl, hen, vixen,cow,bitch,bird,queen
Neuter gender denotes the name of things that have neither masculine nor feminine gender but belong to both sexes as;
Baby, , student,teacher,goat,crow, Player etc.
Feminine
Neuter
Note
It may be noted that vehicles, countries areregarded as feminine gender. She is used forthem as pronoun. Things known as a symbolof beauty as moon, cuckoo and cars arefeminine.,
Gender in people
Boy, girl; son, daughter; husband, wife; man, woman; father, mother; uncle,
aunt; nephew niece; etc.
Gender in animals
Bull, cow; duck, drake; ram, awe; cock, hen;stage, deer; dog, bitch; tiger, tigress; lion,lioness etc.
Number in Nouns
Countable nouns have two numbers as singular and plural. A noun which denotes one or a single person, place or thing is
known as singular.
Similarly
A noun that denotes more than one person, place, or thing is a plural noun.
Change of Noun
Regular Plural Nouns:The plural of nouns is usually formed by
adding ‘s’ to a singular noun is called a regular plural noun as
Lamp/lamps, flower/flowers, cat/cats etc.
Noun ending in ‘y’ preceded by a vowel letter, their plurals by adding ‘s’.
day/days, toy/toys, valley/valleys etc.
If nouns end in ‘s’, ‘x’, ‘z’, ‘o’, ‘ch’, and ‘sh’ they form the plural by adding ‘es’ as
moss/mosses, box/boxes/ buzz/buzzes,
potato/potatoes, dish/dishes, lunch/lunches
arch/arches, mango/mangoes etc.
Irregular Plural Nouns
Irregular plural nouns are nouns that when they change from singular form to plural, their spelling changes in a different way as in mouse and mice. For example:
Nouns ending in ‘y’ preceded by a consonant are formed into a plural by changing ‘y’ to ‘ies’ as lady/ladies, city/cities, baby/babies,
If ‘y’ preceded by a vowel then only ‘s’ added for plural as
day/days, clay/clays, gray/grays etc.
There are some nouns that form the plurals differently. Some nouns change their vowels in the middle of the singular form when forming the plural as
goose/geese, foot/feet, man/men etc.
if a noun end in ‘f’ or ‘fe’ then we add ‘ves’ for plural as
Wife/wives, thief/thieves, knife/knives etc.
several nouns form the plural by adding the letters ‘en’ as
Ox/oxen, child/children, man/women etc.
There are some nouns which are the same in singular and plural as
Deer/deer, sheep/sheep, fish/fish
Function of Noun
Function
Nominative Possessive Dative Apposition
Nominative case
when a noun is used as a subject of verb it is usedto be in the Nominative case.
Noun can work as the subject of a verb :
For example.
Ali arrived.
Ali noun as a subject of verb
Arrived verb
Definition
Accusative Case
When noun is used as the object of a verb, it is said to be Accusative case.
For example,
I saw Ali.
Ali Noun as the object of verb(saw)
Definition
Possessive or genitive Case
It shows ownership or possession OR
It also shows authorship ,origin or kind etc.
For example:
This is Ali’s book.
Ali’s book noun as a possessive case.
Definition
Dative Case
DefinitionIt is an indirect object of verb that’s why it
is said to be Dative case.
For example:
Javed gave Ali a book.
She gave the postman a letter.
Ali and the postman is an indirect object of the verb(gave)
Dative Case
Apposition Case
When one noun follows another to describe it, thenoun which follows is said to b Apposition noun.
Yesterday, I met your uncle the doctor.
The doctor is the Apposition of Uncle.
My brother Ali is a nice man.
Ali is the apposition of brother.
Definition
For example
Noun as the complement of verb
When a noun works as the complement of a verb, it is called complement of verb.
Ali is a teacher.
Asif is a singer
teacher noun as a complement of verb.
singer noun as a complement of verb.
Noun as the Object of Preposition
Noun can work as the object of preposition.
For example,
I spoke to Ali.
Ali noun as the object of a preposition(to)
Gerund as nounGerund can also be used as a noun of verb in
the form of subject.
For example,
Hunting tiger is a favorite sport in this country.
Gerund noun as a subject of verb.
Gerund noun as the object of verb
Gerund can also be used in the form of noun as an object of verb.
For example,
I like reading poetry.
Gerund noun as an object of verb (like).
Infinitive as nounInfinitive noun as the subject of verb
Infinitive in the form of noun can also be used as a subject of verb.
For example.
To work hard is the key of success.
Infinitive in the form of noun used as the subject of verb (is)
Infinitive noun as the object of verb:
Infinitive in form of noun can be used as an object of verb.
,
Birds love to sing.
Infinitive in the form of noun used as an object of verb(love).
For example
Questions Sessions