Modern Toronto after 19th Century - The History of Toronto

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Modern Toronto after 19th Century

- The History of Toronto

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2Copyright © 2014 Consulting INC. Confidential and proprietary.

Toronto and WW1

Toronto and WW1(1914-1918)

In the First World War, most of Toronto‘s

military aged men and women (70,000)

fight the Germans between 1914 and 1918

to. 13,000 Toronto soldiers never returned,

and those survived carried physical and

emotional wounds for the rest of their lives.

← Toronto Soldiers in the First World War

Industrialization leapt forward, as factories struggled to supply the military

with the munitions and supplies. The scarcity of male workers forced employers

to hire women on an large scale, which changed the social structure, improved

women’s social status.

Material shortages put stress on the population. The winter of 1917 was

unusually cold, but because of a lack of coal, Torontonians have to suffer the

cold during some days. The coal shortage forced schools and even wartime

industries to shut down temporarily. War brought inflation, increasing the cost

of living 50% from 1915 - 1919.


The Great Depression

The Great Depression(1929-1939)

After the WW1, the economy kept recovering in 1920s, until the Great

Depression in 1929. Stock markets around the globe crashed in October,

which caused the financial crisis effected the economy for 10 years.

Torontonians lost their savings, and even their

homes, businesses laid off workers (raising the

unemployment rate in the city to 30% by 1933) and cut

the wages of those who retained their jobs (with the

result that salaries fell by an average of 40%).

Homeless Men in the Don Valley in 1930 →

Things began to improve slowly in 1934. Despite the

slow revival of the economy, industrial output in 1939

still did not match that of 1929.


The 2nd World War

The 2nd World War(1939-1945)

In 1939, as in 1914, Torontonians rallied to fight as Canada went to war against

Germany and her allies. As before, the CNE grounds became a military camp while

other facilities sprung up around the city.

Canada was the allies' pre-eminent suppliers of war

materiel. The most famous factory was the Victory Aircraft

in Malton, which produced Lancaster Bombers for the air

forces of the British Commonwealth.

The Inglis Home Appliances switched from producing

household appliances to Bren guns and other armaments

for the army.

← Wartime Industry in Toronto in 1943

The Royal Norwegian Air Force used

the island airport for training purpose.

The laboratory located in the Casa Loma

stables is used to secretly assemble

ASDIC (or sonar) sets.

Toronto Island Airport in 1941→


Reconstruction

Reconstruction(1943-1951)

In 1943 the Toronto Reconstruction Council formed to study how the

economy could return to peacetime production without the economic

challenges occurred after 1918. Influenced by British and American social

thought, Toronto started new government social intervention, as

represented by the creation of unemployment insurance in 1940 and family

allowances in 1946.Toronto and the Canadian nation

entered a new era of prosperity

after about 1949, fuelled by

consumer spending, increased

house construction, and the Korean

War of 1950-53.

Toronto Lights in 1945 →

By 1951, unemployment fell to a

remarkably 1.3%.The city's retail sales increased from $400 million in 1941 to $1 billion by

1951 in a community that had only a modest increase in its population

during the same period.


Demographic Revolution

Demographic Revolution(After 1951)

The City of Toronto has changed profoundly since 1951. In 1951, 73% of

Torontonians were still ethnically British (19% less than in the early 1900), 72%

were Protestants, Canadian-born Torontonians takes a part of 69%. These

newcomers revolutionized Toronto so much that by 2001 its 2.5 million people

found themselves living here. In 2001, more than half of Toronto's residents

were born outside of Canada; and a million people identified themselves as

belonging to visible minorities.Toronto’s diversity came from the change

of the immigration laws. It was not until 1950 that the government allowed citizens of Germany and Italy to immigrate to Canada again; and restrictions against newcomers from Third World countries did not begin to be dismantled until the 1960s.

← Vietnamese Immigrants, 1978 Current Toronto is the veritable ‘world city’, more than 200 languages from

all over the world are used here. The multiculture came with immigrates grew

and expanded in this safe, orderly, and inclusive community.

This is the end of Toronto History series. Thanks for reading!


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Research Reference:

1. “The First Half of the 20th Century, 1901-51”, City of Toronto;

2. “The Modern Metropolis, From 1951”, City of Toronto;

3. “History of Toronto”, Lonely Planet; 4. “History of Toronto”, Wikipedia.

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Modern Toronto after 19th Century - The History of Toronto