Minimalism In A Nutshell

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MinimalisMinimalismm

EDAE A638: The Facilitation of Learning with TechnologyEDAE A638: The Facilitation of Learning with Technology

Minimalism in preparing and presenting for learning via

Computer/Technology

The Bare Necessities

MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM

MINIMALIST MODEL

“minimize the extent to which instructional materials obstruct the learning,

and

focus the design on activities that support learner-directed activity and accomplishments.”

http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial/learning_theories_full_version.html


L E A R N E R S

Use prior knowledge and experience to

manage and assimilate new experiences

MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM Learn by doing

meaningful, self-contained

activities

L E A R N E R S



MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM Learn by doing

meaningful, self-contained

activities

L E A R N E R S



Learn by self-directed

thinking and reasoning


Use errors and recovery to learn

Learn by doing meaningful,

self-contained activities

L E A R N E R S









Desire realistic learning activities

L E A R N E R S









Desire realistic learning activities

L E A R N E R S





Desire close link between activity and

reality


DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd


DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd

Get learner up and running ASAP


DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd


Allow learner to think and improvise


DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd

Self-contained

and independent




DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd

Focus on real work

in training

Self-contained

and independent




DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd

Make use of learner’s

prior knowledge

Focus on real work

in training

Self-contained

and independent




DESIGN PRINCIPLES

LearnerLearner

CentereCenteredd

Make use of learner’s

prior knowledge

Focus on real work

in training

Self-contained

and independent

Use error recognition

and recovery as

learning strategies




GOAL: facilitate needs of learners

Adult learners want to build on prior knowledge without spending additional time with preview, introduction, summary or review material.


GOAL: facilitate needs of learners

Remove anything that would hinder learners from moving forward as quickly as possible.

Adult learners want to build on prior knowledge without spending additional time with preview, introduction, summary or review material.


DESIGN STRATEGIES

1. Important information at top of page(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES


2. Simple, consistent web & graphics design (Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES


2. Simple, consistent web & graphics design (Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)

3. Put text first; use multimedia to reinforce text and not distract from it.(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES

4. Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling (Nielsen, 1996; Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES


5. Pages balanced, readable, minimal reduce excess information (Szabo, 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES



Broadbent’s theory: “humans are capable of processing information through only one channel at a time . . .” (Hsia, 1968; Szabo 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)


DESIGN STRATEGIES


Dede says the core skill for today’s workplace is filtering a plethora of incoming information.


DESIGN STRATEGIES


Dede says the core skill for today’s workplace is filtering a plethora of incoming information.

6. Structure materials as topical modules for ease of reuse. (Bulter, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)


WEB-PAGE DESIGN ADVICE

1. Design small2. Keep effects simple3. Map out whole site4. Plan for growth

(Rockley, 1997; Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)


WEB-PAGE DESIGN ADVICE

5. Get feedback from users6. Test outside links regularly7. Only one person has edit privileges8. No “under construction” sites. Post

only when page is complete.

(Rockley, 1997; Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)


Albert Einstein

"everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler."

Nobel Prize in Physics 1921

(Hoch, 2004)


Keep It Short and Simple

• Design simplicity should be a key goal and unnecessary complexity avoided.

• Useful principle in a wide array of disciplines: software development, animation, journalism, photography, engineering, and strategic planning.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle


CHARACTERISTICS IN EDUCATION

• Work more with the product and less with the documentation = greater success. (Hofner, 2004, cited at Tec-Ed. 2004)



• Learner oriented focus

• Primary requirement: meaningful activity that makes sense for reaching the goal.



• Omit long introductions

• Omit repetition and verbiage.


Example: Traditional Instructions

THAWING BAGELS

It’s important to plan baking times carefully so that the bagels do not remain on the racks for moer than four hours after thawing. Bagels that are left on the racks for more than four hours must be discarded. After placing the bagels on the thawing trays, place the trays on every other shelf of the rack and do not close the covers. This will thaw the bagels in 1 ½ to 2 hours. To thaw them in 4 hours, place the trays on every shelf on the rack, then close the covers. To thaw them between 4 and 24 hours, place them on every shelf of the rack, close the covers, and place them in the refrigerator.

2008 Information Mapping, Inc.


Thawing Bagels

If you want to thaw the bagels in . . .

Then place the trays . . .

1 ½ to 2 hours •On every other shelf of the rack, and

•Do not close the covers

4 hours •On every shelf of the rack, and

•Close the covers

4 to 24 hours •On every shelf of the rack

•Close the covers, and

•Put the rack in the refrigerator

2008 Information Mapping, Inc.

Example: Minimalist Instructions


Instructions - Traditional

Too many Too many pictures and pictures and

too much too much clutter. It clutter. It

overwhelms overwhelms and confuses and confuses

the the reader/user.reader/user.


Instructions - Traditional

Sometimes Sometimes the layout the layout

can be more can be more distracting distracting

than helpful, than helpful, and can take and can take longer to get longer to get

through.through.


Instructions - Minimalist1. Open your Intranet to open YKHC News 2. Hover your mouse over Links and Resources – a short list will drop down3. Click on Healthstream (if you accidentally clicked Links and Resources, the link for

Healthstream is near the bottom of the page – scroll down and then select Healthstream)

4. On the login page a. User ID = your employee ID # (on your badge)b. Password = begin

5. You will need to reset your password6. You should have 2 courses under “My Courses – Assigned Courses”

a. Rapid Regulatory Compliance: (non-clinical or clinical) Ib. Rapid Regulatory Compliance: (non-clinical or clinical) II

7. Select one of the courses to open course details.8. Select the blue linked course title to open the course in a separate window. 9. If you need to exit the course before finishing, use the small grey X in the lower

right-hand corner to save your place in the course. 10. After completing the course, take the exam.11. You need to complete BOTH courses to complete the Annual Mandatory

Orientation (AMOM).12. If you have any problems, call

a. Sharon John 6984b. Karen McIntyre 6983


Minimalism in Architecture

Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, a Modernist architect, effectively began the Minimalist architectural movement when he said, “Less is more.”

(Craven, 2008)

http://z.about.com/d/architecture/1/0/o/G/luisbarraganhouse-ppl.jpg


Minimalism in Architecture

• Buildings are stripped of all but the most essential elements

• Emphasis is placed on the outline, or frame, of the structure

• Interior walls are eliminated

• Floor plans are open

• Lighting is used to dramatize lines and planes

• The negative spaces around the structure are part of the overall design(Craven, 2008)


REFERENCES

Craven, J. (2008). Picture Dictionary of Modern Architecture: Minimalism. Retrieved October 2, 2008, from http://architecture.about.com/od/20thcenturytrends/ig/Modern-Architecture/Minimalism.htm

Carroll, J. M. (1984). Minimalist Training. Datamation 30(18), 125-136.

Carroll, J. M. (1998). Reconstructing Minimalism. In: Carroll, J.M., editor, Minimalism Beyond the Nurnberg Funnel. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.

Hoch, Stephen (2004). Wharton on Making Decisions. New York: Wiley, 137. Retrieved on September 27, 2008, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle


REFERENCES

Patsula, P. (1999). Carroll’s Minimalist Theory. Retrieved September 27, 2008, from Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea, professor’s web page: http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theories_full_version.html

TIP: Theories (2004). Minimalism (J. Carroll). Retrieved September 27, 2008, from website: http://tip.psychology.org/carroll.html

van der Meij, H. & Carrol, J.M. (1995). Principles and heuristics for designing minimalist instruction. Technical Communications, 42(2), 243-261.

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Education

Minimalism In A Nutshell