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PresentPresent
MinimalisMinimalismm
EDAE A638: The Facilitation of Learning with TechnologyEDAE A638: The Facilitation of Learning with Technology
Minimalism in preparing and presenting for learning via
Computer/Technology
The Bare Necessities
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MINIMALIST MODEL
“minimize the extent to which instructional materials obstruct the learning,
and
focus the design on activities that support learner-directed activity and accomplishments.”
http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial/learning_theories_full_version.html
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L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM Learn by doing
meaningful, self-contained
activities
L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM Learn by doing
meaningful, self-contained
activities
L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
Learn by self-directed
thinking and reasoning
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Use errors and recovery to learn
Learn by doing meaningful,
self-contained activities
L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
Learn by self-directed
thinking and reasoning
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Use errors and recovery to learn
Learn by doing meaningful,
self-contained activities
Desire realistic learning activities
L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
Learn by self-directed
thinking and reasoning
MMIINNIIMMAALILISSMM
Use errors and recovery to learn
Learn by doing meaningful,
self-contained activities
Desire realistic learning activities
L E A R N E R S
Use prior knowledge and experience to
manage and assimilate new experiences
Learn by self-directed
thinking and reasoning
Desire close link between activity and
reality
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Get learner up and running ASAP
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Get learner up and running ASAP
Allow learner to think and improvise
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Self-contained
and independent
Get learner up and running ASAP
Allow learner to think and improvise
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Focus on real work
in training
Self-contained
and independent
Get learner up and running ASAP
Allow learner to think and improvise
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Make use of learner’s
prior knowledge
Focus on real work
in training
Self-contained
and independent
Get learner up and running ASAP
Allow learner to think and improvise
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DESIGN PRINCIPLES
LearnerLearner
CentereCenteredd
Make use of learner’s
prior knowledge
Focus on real work
in training
Self-contained
and independent
Use error recognition
and recovery as
learning strategies
Get learner up and running ASAP
Allow learner to think and improvise
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GOAL: facilitate needs of learners
Adult learners want to build on prior knowledge without spending additional time with preview, introduction, summary or review material.
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GOAL: facilitate needs of learners
Remove anything that would hinder learners from moving forward as quickly as possible.
Adult learners want to build on prior knowledge without spending additional time with preview, introduction, summary or review material.
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
1. Important information at top of page(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
1. Important information at top of page(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
2. Simple, consistent web & graphics design (Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
1. Important information at top of page(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
2. Simple, consistent web & graphics design (Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)
3. Put text first; use multimedia to reinforce text and not distract from it.(Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
4. Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling (Nielsen, 1996; Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
4. Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling (Nielsen, 1996; Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
5. Pages balanced, readable, minimal reduce excess information (Szabo, 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
4. Fit a page on one screen to eliminate scrolling (Nielsen, 1996; Jones & Farquhar, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
5. Pages balanced, readable, minimal reduce excess information (Szabo, 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)
Broadbent’s theory: “humans are capable of processing information through only one channel at a time . . .” (Hsia, 1968; Szabo 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. Pages balanced, readable, minimal reduce excess information (Szabo, 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)
Dede says the core skill for today’s workplace is filtering a plethora of incoming information.
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DESIGN STRATEGIES
5. Pages balanced, readable, minimal reduce excess information (Szabo, 1998, cited in Carroll, 1998)
Dede says the core skill for today’s workplace is filtering a plethora of incoming information.
6. Structure materials as topical modules for ease of reuse. (Bulter, 1997, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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WEB-PAGE DESIGN ADVICE
1. Design small2. Keep effects simple3. Map out whole site4. Plan for growth
(Rockley, 1997; Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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WEB-PAGE DESIGN ADVICE
5. Get feedback from users6. Test outside links regularly7. Only one person has edit privileges8. No “under construction” sites. Post
only when page is complete.
(Rockley, 1997; Fahy, 1999, cited in Carroll, 1998)
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Albert Einstein
"everything should be made as simple as possible, but no simpler."
Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
(Hoch, 2004)
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Keep It Short and Simple
• Design simplicity should be a key goal and unnecessary complexity avoided.
• Useful principle in a wide array of disciplines: software development, animation, journalism, photography, engineering, and strategic planning.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle
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CHARACTERISTICS IN EDUCATION
• Work more with the product and less with the documentation = greater success. (Hofner, 2004, cited at Tec-Ed. 2004)
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CHARACTERISTICS IN EDUCATION
• Learner oriented focus
• Primary requirement: meaningful activity that makes sense for reaching the goal.
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CHARACTERISTICS IN EDUCATION
• Omit long introductions
• Omit repetition and verbiage.
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Example: Traditional Instructions
THAWING BAGELS
It’s important to plan baking times carefully so that the bagels do not remain on the racks for moer than four hours after thawing. Bagels that are left on the racks for more than four hours must be discarded. After placing the bagels on the thawing trays, place the trays on every other shelf of the rack and do not close the covers. This will thaw the bagels in 1 ½ to 2 hours. To thaw them in 4 hours, place the trays on every shelf on the rack, then close the covers. To thaw them between 4 and 24 hours, place them on every shelf of the rack, close the covers, and place them in the refrigerator.
2008 Information Mapping, Inc.
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Thawing Bagels
If you want to thaw the bagels in . . .
Then place the trays . . .
1 ½ to 2 hours •On every other shelf of the rack, and
•Do not close the covers
4 hours •On every shelf of the rack, and
•Close the covers
4 to 24 hours •On every shelf of the rack
•Close the covers, and
•Put the rack in the refrigerator
2008 Information Mapping, Inc.
Example: Minimalist Instructions
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Instructions - Traditional
Too many Too many pictures and pictures and
too much too much clutter. It clutter. It
overwhelms overwhelms and confuses and confuses
the the reader/user.reader/user.
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Instructions - Traditional
Sometimes Sometimes the layout the layout
can be more can be more distracting distracting
than helpful, than helpful, and can take and can take longer to get longer to get
through.through.
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Instructions - Minimalist1. Open your Intranet to open YKHC News 2. Hover your mouse over Links and Resources – a short list will drop down3. Click on Healthstream (if you accidentally clicked Links and Resources, the link for
Healthstream is near the bottom of the page – scroll down and then select Healthstream)
4. On the login page a. User ID = your employee ID # (on your badge)b. Password = begin
5. You will need to reset your password6. You should have 2 courses under “My Courses – Assigned Courses”
a. Rapid Regulatory Compliance: (non-clinical or clinical) Ib. Rapid Regulatory Compliance: (non-clinical or clinical) II
7. Select one of the courses to open course details.8. Select the blue linked course title to open the course in a separate window. 9. If you need to exit the course before finishing, use the small grey X in the lower
right-hand corner to save your place in the course. 10. After completing the course, take the exam.11. You need to complete BOTH courses to complete the Annual Mandatory
Orientation (AMOM).12. If you have any problems, call
a. Sharon John 6984b. Karen McIntyre 6983
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Minimalism in Architecture
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, a Modernist architect, effectively began the Minimalist architectural movement when he said, “Less is more.”
(Craven, 2008)
http://z.about.com/d/architecture/1/0/o/G/luisbarraganhouse-ppl.jpg
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Minimalism in Architecture
• Buildings are stripped of all but the most essential elements
• Emphasis is placed on the outline, or frame, of the structure
• Interior walls are eliminated
• Floor plans are open
• Lighting is used to dramatize lines and planes
• The negative spaces around the structure are part of the overall design(Craven, 2008)
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REFERENCES
Craven, J. (2008). Picture Dictionary of Modern Architecture: Minimalism. Retrieved October 2, 2008, from http://architecture.about.com/od/20thcenturytrends/ig/Modern-Architecture/Minimalism.htm
Carroll, J. M. (1984). Minimalist Training. Datamation 30(18), 125-136.
Carroll, J. M. (1998). Reconstructing Minimalism. In: Carroll, J.M., editor, Minimalism Beyond the Nurnberg Funnel. Cambridge: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press.
Hoch, Stephen (2004). Wharton on Making Decisions. New York: Wiley, 137. Retrieved on September 27, 2008, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle
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REFERENCES
Patsula, P. (1999). Carroll’s Minimalist Theory. Retrieved September 27, 2008, from Sookmyung Women’s University, Seoul, Korea, professor’s web page: http://www.patsula.com/usefo/webbasedlearning/tutorial1/learning_theories_full_version.html
TIP: Theories (2004). Minimalism (J. Carroll). Retrieved September 27, 2008, from website: http://tip.psychology.org/carroll.html
van der Meij, H. & Carrol, J.M. (1995). Principles and heuristics for designing minimalist instruction. Technical Communications, 42(2), 243-261.
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