1

United Nations Millennium Development Goals & Population

Presentation

by

Deniz Susar

SOGA 6506 - Population Processes and Development Issues

Prof. Donald Heisel

Fall, 2008

Fordham University

2

1. Background

2. MDGs & Population

3. Conclusion

3

Background

4

International Conference on Population & Development (ICPD)

Cairo 1994

179 countries approved a Programme of Action that recommended a set of interdependent goals & objectives:

universal access to education, with special attention to

closing the gender gap in primary and secondary education

universal access to primary health care universal access to a full range of comprehensive

reproductive health care services, including family planning

reductions in infant, child and maternal morbidity and mortality

increased life expectancy

5

Millennium Development Goals

6

Population is directly related to:

7

and indirectly related to:

8

“The Millennium Development Goals, particularlythe eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, cannotbe achieved if questions of population and reproductivehealth are not squarely addressed. And that meansstronger efforts to promote women’s rights, andgreater investment in education and health, includingreproductive health and family planning.”

UN Secretary-General Kofi A. Annan,Message to the Fifth Asian andPacific Population Conference,

Bangkok, 16 December 2002

9

Countries greatest levels of poverty

greatest need to achieve MDGs

Have high birth rates

rapidly growing population

10

World Population Growth 1750-2150

11

Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes - Trend I

Rapid decline in the

birth rate

Improvement in the economy, Health of women & their families

Autonomy, education, status of women

Countries where information &

contraceptives are available

12

Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes – Trend II

No decline inthe birth rate

Explosive growth of urban slums Failure of the state to keep pace with educational demands

Continuing oppression of women

Countries where many pregnanciesremain unwanted

13

The evidence is overwhelming

the MDGs are difficult or impossible to

achieve with the current levels of population growth in the least

developed

countries and regions

14

The UN has approved a new MDG target in 2008

Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Target 2:Achieve universal access to reproductive health

15

MDGs &

Population

16

Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day

Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people

Target 3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger

Target 1

The rapid pace of population The rapid pace of population growth in much of Africa and growth in much of Africa and some other parts of the worldsome other parts of the worldmeans, despite global efforts, means, despite global efforts, we are not even succeeding in we are not even succeeding in keeping the numbers living in keeping the numbers living in extreme poverty stableextreme poverty stable

Target 3

No guarantee that food production No guarantee that food production will keep pace with the addition of will keep pace with the addition of the next three billion people in the the next three billion people in the first half of the twenty-first centuryfirst half of the twenty-first century

17

Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

Number of school age children

doubles every 20 years

Extra 2 million teachers/year

required just to stand still

High population growth continues

18

Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015

The ability of women to control their own The ability of women to control their own fertility is absolutely fundamental to fertility is absolutely fundamental to women’s empowerment and equalitywomen’s empowerment and equality

19

Maternal Deaths

Childhood Mortality

Adolescent Pregnancy

20

Target: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate

HIGH FERTILITY

REDUCED ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER

MAJOR CASUSES

21

Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio

Target 2:Achieve universal access to reproductive health

Every minute a woman dies in pregnancy or childbirth, over 500,000 every year

Maternal mortality is the largest health inequity in the

world; 99 per cent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries — half of them in Africa

A woman in Niger faces a 1 in 7 chance during her lifetime of

dying of pregnancy–related causes, while a woman in Sweden has 1 chance in 17,400

22

An unmet need for family planning undermines achievement of several other

goals

Reducing ChildMortality

Hunger and Malnutrition

Primary EducationEnrollment

23

Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS

Target 2:Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it

Target 3:Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases

Population growth has a negative impact on gaining control Population growth has a negative impact on gaining control over the spread of HIV/AIDS through two main routes: over the spread of HIV/AIDS through two main routes:

Increased urbanization Increased urbanization Persistence of povertyPersistence of poverty

24

Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources

Target 2:Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss

Target 3:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation

Target 4: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers

As population grows, 2/3 of As population grows, 2/3 of world population will face world population will face moderate to high water moderate to high water shortages by 2025shortages by 2025

By 2007, half the world’s By 2007, half the world’s population will live in population will live in towns and cities towns and cities

25

Target 1: Address the special needs of least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states

Target 2:Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system

Target 3:Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt

Target 4: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries

Target 5: In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications

26

Conclusion

27

Conclusion

2.Demographic Dividend

3.Economic Progress

1.Slower PopulationGrowth

4.Invest in Education & Health

28

ConclusionGovernments should “meet the family planning

needs of their populations as soon as possible and should, in all cases by the year 2015, seek to provide universal access to a full range of safe and reliable

family-planning methods…”

International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action para 7.16Action para 7.16

29

Conclusion Poverty cannot and will not be eradicated Poverty cannot and will not be eradicated without achieving ICPD goalswithout achieving ICPD goals

Universal access to education and reproductive health care are crucial steps that can help to eradicate poverty

Meeting these ICPD goals will pave a straight road directly toward reaching the MDGs

30

Questions ?Questions ?

Slide is available at: http://www.slideshare.net/denizsusar/millenium-development-goals-population-presentation/

Deniz.Susar@gmail.com