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United Nations Millennium Development Goals & Population
Presentation
by
Deniz Susar
SOGA 6506 - Population Processes and Development Issues
Prof. Donald Heisel
Fall, 2008
Fordham University
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1. Background
2. MDGs & Population
3. Conclusion
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Background
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International Conference on Population & Development (ICPD)
Cairo 1994
179 countries approved a Programme of Action that recommended a set of interdependent goals & objectives:
universal access to education, with special attention to
closing the gender gap in primary and secondary education
universal access to primary health care universal access to a full range of comprehensive
reproductive health care services, including family planning
reductions in infant, child and maternal morbidity and mortality
increased life expectancy
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Millennium Development Goals
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Population is directly related to:
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and indirectly related to:
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“The Millennium Development Goals, particularlythe eradication of extreme poverty and hunger, cannotbe achieved if questions of population and reproductivehealth are not squarely addressed. And that meansstronger efforts to promote women’s rights, andgreater investment in education and health, includingreproductive health and family planning.”
UN Secretary-General Kofi A. Annan,Message to the Fifth Asian andPacific Population Conference,
Bangkok, 16 December 2002
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Countries greatest levels of poverty
greatest need to achieve MDGs
Have high birth rates
rapidly growing population
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World Population Growth 1750-2150
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Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes - Trend I
Rapid decline in the
birth rate
Improvement in the economy, Health of women & their families
Autonomy, education, status of women
Countries where information &
contraceptives are available
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Developing Countries – National Family Planning Programmes – Trend II
No decline inthe birth rate
Explosive growth of urban slums Failure of the state to keep pace with educational demands
Continuing oppression of women
Countries where many pregnanciesremain unwanted
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The evidence is overwhelming
the MDGs are difficult or impossible to
achieve with the current levels of population growth in the least
developed
countries and regions
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The UN has approved a new MDG target in 2008
Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Target 2:Achieve universal access to reproductive health
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MDGs &
Population
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Target 1: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people whose income is less than $1 a day
Target 2: Achieve full and productive employment and decent work for all, including women and young people
Target 3: Halve, between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of people who suffer from hunger
Target 1
The rapid pace of population The rapid pace of population growth in much of Africa and growth in much of Africa and some other parts of the worldsome other parts of the worldmeans, despite global efforts, means, despite global efforts, we are not even succeeding in we are not even succeeding in keeping the numbers living in keeping the numbers living in extreme poverty stableextreme poverty stable
Target 3
No guarantee that food production No guarantee that food production will keep pace with the addition of will keep pace with the addition of the next three billion people in the the next three billion people in the first half of the twenty-first centuryfirst half of the twenty-first century
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Target: Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling
Number of school age children
doubles every 20 years
Extra 2 million teachers/year
required just to stand still
High population growth continues
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Target: Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferably by 2005, and in all levels of education no later than 2015
The ability of women to control their own The ability of women to control their own fertility is absolutely fundamental to fertility is absolutely fundamental to women’s empowerment and equalitywomen’s empowerment and equality
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Maternal Deaths
Childhood Mortality
Adolescent Pregnancy
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Target: Reduce by two thirds, between 1990 and 2015, the under-five mortality rate
HIGH FERTILITY
REDUCED ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER
MAJOR CASUSES
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Target 1: Reduce by three quarters the maternal mortality ratio
Target 2:Achieve universal access to reproductive health
Every minute a woman dies in pregnancy or childbirth, over 500,000 every year
Maternal mortality is the largest health inequity in the
world; 99 per cent of maternal deaths occur in developing countries — half of them in Africa
A woman in Niger faces a 1 in 7 chance during her lifetime of
dying of pregnancy–related causes, while a woman in Sweden has 1 chance in 17,400
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An unmet need for family planning undermines achievement of several other
goals
Reducing ChildMortality
Hunger and Malnutrition
Primary EducationEnrollment
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Target 1: Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS
Target 2:Achieve, by 2010, universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it
Target 3:Have halted by 2015 and begun to reverse the incidence of malaria and other major diseases
Population growth has a negative impact on gaining control Population growth has a negative impact on gaining control over the spread of HIV/AIDS through two main routes: over the spread of HIV/AIDS through two main routes:
Increased urbanization Increased urbanization Persistence of povertyPersistence of poverty
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Target 1: Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programmes and reverse the loss of environmental resources
Target 2:Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving, by 2010, a significant reduction in the rate of loss
Target 3:Halve, by 2015, the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation
Target 4: By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers
As population grows, 2/3 of As population grows, 2/3 of world population will face world population will face moderate to high water moderate to high water shortages by 2025shortages by 2025
By 2007, half the world’s By 2007, half the world’s population will live in population will live in towns and cities towns and cities
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Target 1: Address the special needs of least developed countries, landlocked countries and small island developing states
Target 2:Develop further an open, rule-based, predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system
Target 3:Deal comprehensively with developing countries’ debt
Target 4: In cooperation with pharmaceutical companies, provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries
Target 5: In cooperation with the private sector, make available benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications
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Conclusion
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Conclusion
2.Demographic Dividend
3.Economic Progress
1.Slower PopulationGrowth
4.Invest in Education & Health
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ConclusionGovernments should “meet the family planning
needs of their populations as soon as possible and should, in all cases by the year 2015, seek to provide universal access to a full range of safe and reliable
family-planning methods…”
International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action para 7.16Action para 7.16
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Conclusion Poverty cannot and will not be eradicated Poverty cannot and will not be eradicated without achieving ICPD goalswithout achieving ICPD goals
Universal access to education and reproductive health care are crucial steps that can help to eradicate poverty
Meeting these ICPD goals will pave a straight road directly toward reaching the MDGs
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Questions ?Questions ?
Slide is available at: http://www.slideshare.net/denizsusar/millenium-development-goals-population-presentation/
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