SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN WORKING WITH SHAPING MACHINESWITH SHAPING MACHINES

1. Wear approved goggles or face shield.

2. Select proper tool for the job.p p j

3. Be sure that the tool, tool head, table, and table support are secure before starting the machine.

4 Remove all wrenches before starting the machine4. Remove all wrenches before starting the machine.

5. Select the proper speed, feed, and depth of cut according to the kind of material, type of tool, and method of holding the work.

6. Stand parallel to the direction of the stroke of the machine when it is operating, and never reach across the table between strokes.

7. Do not touch the tool, clapper box, or w/p while the machine is running.

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8. Make adjustments on the work setup only when the machine is stopped.

9. Turn off the machine before leaving it.

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THE SHAPER MACHINE

• One of the most common and useful m/c found in the machine shop is the shaper.

• The shaper is used primarily for machining flat surfaces with a single point tool.

• Many operations such as cutting external and internal key-way, dovetail, T-slots, gear racks, grooves, and miscellaneous shapes can be machined on the shaper.

• In this machine, the cutting tool reciprocates or moves backward and forward.

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• Cutting takes place only on the forward stroke.

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TYPES OF SHAPERSThree types of shapers commonly found in a machine shop are

1 . crank, 2. gear, & 3. hydraulic

The size of a shaper is determined by the largest cube which it can m/cm/c.

.CRANK SHAPER1• Most commonly used.

• Its ram is given reciprocating motion by means of a rocker arm operated by a crank pin from the main driving gear, or "bull wheel."

• The forward stroke of the shaper occurs when the crank pin is in the upper portion of the rocker arm

• The return stroke occurs when the pin is in the lower portion .

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The return stroke occurs when the pin is in the lower portion .

• The return stroke to be faster than the forward stroke on a 3:2 ratio.

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Figure 1. The main parts of a crank shaper

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Main parts of a Crank shaperMET

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CRANK SHAPER

CRANK SHAPER….

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THE MAIN PARTS OF A CRANK SHAPER

1. The ram

2. The tool head

3 Th C f d t k3. The Cross feed traverse crank

4. Table

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. GEAR SHAPER2

The gear shaper obtains the drive for the ram from a gear and a rack connected to the ram. This shaper also has a mechanism that provides a quick returnalso has a mechanism that provides a quick return for the ram.

. HYDRAULIC SHAPER3

The hydraulic shaper is driven by the movement of aThe hydraulic shaper is driven by the movement of a piston in a cylinder of oil and is controlled by a valve mechanism connected with the oil pump.

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CALCULATIONS OF SHAPER CUTTING SPEEDS

Inch Speed Calculations

To obtain number of strokes per minute.

N = (CS *7)/ L

Where

N b f t k i tN = number of strokes per minuteL = length of work plus 1 in. for tool clearance

CS = cutting speed of metal in feet per minute

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CALCULATIONS OF SHAPER CUTTING SPEEDS

Metric Speed Calculations

Strokes per minuteStrokes per minute

N = (CS*0.6)/LWhere

N = number of strokes per minuteL = length of work plus 0.025 m for tool clearancegCS = cutting speed of metal in meter per minute

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SELECTING AND MOUNTING SHAPING TOOLS

Shaper Cutting Tools

Two basic kinds are used.

1. Forged tools 2. Tool bits

1. Forged tools : This tools are heavy tools.

are more widely used than forged tools Tool bits. 2because of their lower cost

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because of their lower cost.

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