?

7 questions – to get you thinking

1) How many poles does a magnet have?2) What are the magnetic metals?3) Why does the Earth have a magnetic field and what is

it useful for?4) What is the shape of a magnetic field? (iron filings

experiment)5) What is the advantage of an electromagnet over a

permanent magnet?6) What does a magnetic field around a wire look like?7) What is the difference between static, magnetism

What we are going to be covering today

1)Reminder of the basic properties of magnets.

2) Important terminology: Magnetic flux density, B-field and definition

of the Tesla.3) Force on a current-carrying wire in a

magnetic field. (F = B I L) when field is perpendicular to current .

4) Fleming’s left hand rule.

111

What causes magnetism?

1)Electron spin is a property of the electron; like mass or charge.

2) When electrons all ‘spin’ the same way their magnetic fields combine.

Tesla

• The SI unit measuring magnetic field B

(also referred to as the magnetic flux density and

magnetic induction)

The Tesla, was named in his honour

1T = 1Nm-1A-1

Eg. B = 5 T is a magnetic field of 5 Teslas

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zi4kXgDBFhw&feature=related

Magnetic fields• Magnets have 2 poles

north and south.• Magnetic fields are

densest at the poles of the magnet

• Magnetic field lines go from north to south

Multimedia science 16 - 18

Wires and magnets both produce magnetic fields.

Log onto Multimedia science and draw for your notes the

field line for (Screen 1)

a) Bar magnetb) Block magnet

(Screen 2)a) Straight wire

b) Coil

Include North and South poles in all of your drawings

Fleming's Left Hand Rule

Current: dc - this is always from + to - Field: direction is always from N to S. Force: depends on how the other two align. (This is what moves the motor)

Fleming's Left Hand Rule

+

-

Current: dc - this is always from + to - Field: direction is always from N to S. Force: depends on how the other two align. (This is what moves the motor)

As this is a 3D problem on 2D paper assume that thecurrent goes into (away from you) or out of the page (towards you)

How much force does a wire feel?

Force = B-field x Current x length of wire F = BIl

The Force is greatest when perpendicular to the magnetic field and zero when parallel

F = BIL sin θ θ = 90o (sin θ = 1),θ = 0o (sin θ = 0),

B = F/IL

Force (Newtons)B- field (Teslas)Current (Amps)Length (metres)

F = BIL examples

• A current of 8.5 A flowing through a magnetic field is found to exert a force of 0.275 N. The length of wire in the magnetic field is 5 cm. What is the value of the magnetic field?

B = F = ___0.275 N ___ = 0.647 T8.5 A 0.05 mIL

Questionsg = 9.81 m s-2

1. (a) Write down the formula for the force on a straight wire of length L placed at right angles to a magnetic field of flux density B.

(b) A pivot arrangement using a wire of length 15 cm is placed in a magnetic field. When a current of 4 A is passed through the wire it is found that a mass of 2.0 g must be hung from the wire to return it to a horizontal position. g = 9.81 m s-2 Calculate the magnetic flux density of the magnet.

2. A horizontal wire 6 cm long and mass 1.5 g is placed at right angles to a magnetic file of flux density 0.5 T. Calculate the current that must be passed through the wire so that it is self-supporting

3. A wire of length 0.5 m carrying a current of 2 A is placed at right angles to a magnetic field of 0.2 T. Calculate the force on the wire.

Questions 4 and 5:A magnetic field exerts a force of 0.25 N on an 8.0 cm length of wire

carrying a current of 3.0 A at right angles to the field. 4. Calculate the force the same field would exert on a wire 20 cm long

carrying the same current.5. Calculate the force the same field would exert on three insulated

wires, each 20 cm long and held together parallel to each other, each carrying a current of 3.0 A in the same direction.

Answers and worked solutions

1(a) F = BIL (b) B=F/IL

B = [2.0 x 10-3 x 9.81]/ [4 x 0.15] = 0.0327 T (Remember to change grams to kg and centimetres to metres)

2 Weight of mass required = BILTherefore: 1.5 x 10-3 x 9.81 = 0.5 x I x 0.06 giving I = 0.49 A

3 F = BIL = 0.2 x 2 x 0.5 = 0.2 N4 For 20 cm length

5. If each wire carries 3.0 A this is the same as effective current of 9.0 A,so force F = 3 ´ 0.625 = 1.9 N.

N.625.0cm8

cm20N25.0 F

Making motors

Multimedia 11-16 motors and Flemming’s left hand rule

Your Learning

Write an explanation of how a motor works Including

Magnetic fields (of the wire and magnet)

Force on a wire F = BIL (what affect the speed of the motor)

Flemings left hand rule(how does this help you know which way it is going to go)