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Louis was born on 27th December 1822, in
Dole, France.
His father's name was Joseph.
He was a soldier in Napoleon's army and his
job was a gravedigger.
• Louis' wife was Maria Laurent. They got married in 1849. They had 4 children, two of them died in the childhood. Louis Pasteur was a great patriot and a good Catholic.
As a child Louis loved to paint.
His paintings were amazing.
But at the age of 19, he decided to start
a scientific career.
He finished school in Besançon. Then he studied in
Paris École Normale Supérieure. He studied physics
and chemistry. In the course of his study, he was not an
extraordinary student. In 1846 he received a Ph.D.
in chemistry.
He worked as a professor at the University of
Strasbourg, Lille and Paris.
He made the first discovery in 1848 in the fieldof crystallography. Using the glass andtweezers, Pasteur carried out theobservation of crystals tartrates. Itshowed that there were two of the characters,which were their mirror reflections. In this way, Louisdiscovered the secret construction of tartratic acid.
In 1854 Pasteur concentrated on the fermentation process. Other famous chemists believed that the fermentation was a chemical process. Louis denied it. He came to conclusion that it was a biological process, during which yeast was reproduced. Louis published his conclusion in his book in 1857.
During studies on fermentation Pasteur concludedthat: 'there is a category of creatures that breatheso actively that receive oxygen from certaincompounds, which are subject to theslow decomposition'.Pasteur discovered anaerobic micro-organismsand gave scientific basis for the process used forcenturies, for example in the manufacture of wine,beer and strong alcohol.
Luis undertook many highlyinnovative experiences. Thanks to them, heshowed that atmospheric air contains microorganisms and that can also be found in substancessuch as sugared water, which comes intocontact with the air. He heated and boiled water in glassflasks with curved neck. It turned out that lifeappears in the flasks in the liquid, until the contact with the air.
Louis explained the causes of spoilage of wine turns into a vinegar or
bitter. He proved that this process was the result of bacterial
decomposition. He wanted to remedy this by adding variety of forms to
the wine. He discovered a better way to do this. Since then, the process
is called pasteurization.
In 1880 Louis managed to isolate the microbes that cause cholera in poultry . It was the first attempt to induce immune reaction. He wanted to manufacture the vaccine. Pasteur state birds of a culture of cholera bacteria. He concluded that the birds did not fall ill. Then, he carried out a further experiment, which showed that the activity of cholera germs were weakened with the progress of time. Pasteur discovered the general principle of the acquisition of resistance by organisms.
Then, the vaccine against rabies was developed. Up to that time, the disease was considered to be terrible and almost incurable. Pasteur immunized his dogs after implantation of the weakened bacteria.
In 1885 a small boy, who had been attacked by the dog affected with rabies, was brought to Pasteur. The scientist decided to use the vaccine. Pasteur saved the boy and covered himself with honour.
He died in St. Cloud on 28th September 1895. He was buried in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Currently, the remains of Louis Pasteur are stored in the crypt in the Pasteur Institute of Paris.
• When was Louis Pasteur born ?
• Who was his father? • Who did he marry? • How many children did he
have ? • What did he do in his
childhood ? • Where did he study ?• Where did he work ?• What did he disover?• When did he die ?• Where was he buried?
produced byAdrianna Owcarz
ZS Gimn i SP nr 13Zawiercie, Poland.
