Today, I will learn…

� Types of cameras

� Components of cameras

� Pixels & Megapixels

� Introduction to Exposure

Learning Goals

Types of Cameras

How many types of cameras can you think of?

Types of Cameras

� Camera Obscura� Daguerreotype� Kodak & film� Instant Camera� SLR� Point & Shoot� Bridge/Prosumer*� DSLR� Smartphone� Mirrorless

Camera Obscura

� A box with a small pinhole and photosensitive paper; when pinhole is open, paper is exposed to light

� Versions of camera obscura used as early as the 16 th century; telescopes would project images onto walls in darkrooms

� 1816: Joseph Niépce first to combine camera obscura with photosensitive paper and glass

� 1826/27: ‘View from the Window at Le Gras’

Daguerreotype

� 1838: Invented by Louis Dageurre

� Chemically-treated steel/copper plate that

would react when exposed to light

� Would take approximately 10 minutes to

develop/process an image

Kodak & Film

� 1884: George Eastman, developed dry gel on paper, or film, to replace the photographic plate; the first film roll

� Portable, low in cost, and for the masses!

� 1901: Introduction of the Brownie portable camera

35mm Film

� 1934: Kodak introduced 35mm (a.k.a. 135mm) film catridges

� This became the standard for photography and motion pictures

� Also known as full-frame

Instant Camera

� 1923: A camera that developed in a “portable” darkroom was invented; too large and clunky

� 1948: The first commercial instant camera is developed; Polaroid Land

SLR

� SLR = Single lens reflex

� Uses penta-prism mirror to allow photographer to see exactly what the lens sees

� We’ll see how this works this later…

� 1959: Nikon F is world’s first SLR camera

Point & Shoot (Digital Camera)

� 1975: First digital camera, invented by Steve Sasson; worked at Kodak

� Small, compact, lightweight, user-friendly (not that one , obviously!)

� Non-interchangeable lens

� Limited functionality

� Small sensors (lower quality image)

Point & Shoot (Digital Camera)

Bridge/Prosumer*

� More functionality than typical P&S

� Typically, non-interchangeable lens

� Small sensors (lower quality image)

� A combo of P&S user-friendliness with more advanced manual features of a DSLR

DSLR

� 1991: First commercial DSLR; Kodak DCS 100

� DSLR = Digital single lens reflex

� Works identically to the manual SLR

� Replaces film with a digital sensor

� Advanced functionality

� Full frame & Crop-frame (full-sized sensor vs. smaller, more compact sensor)

Crop Frame

Full Frame

How does the D/SLR work?

How does the D/SLR work? Watch

Viewing Shooting

Mirrorless

� MILC: Mirrorless Interchangeable-lens Camera

� 2004: Leica M, first MILC

� Advantages;

� More accurate representation of final image

� Gets rid of the penta-prism mirror = Lighter, smaller

� Less parts, less expensive

Smartphone

� 2000: First camera phone; J-Phone

� Initially, very limited;

� Low quality

� Low focus range

� Extremely small sensor

� Now, camera phones rival point & shoots!

It’s not about the gear!

What is aPixel?

� Digital bit of colour information

� The smallest editable component of an

image

What is aPixel?

What is aMegapixel?

� A megapixel is a measurement of pixels by

the millions

� 1 megapixel = 1 million pixels

� A 10 Megapixel camera can potentially have

10 million pixels within a single image

What is aMegapixel?

� You can calculate a megapixel by

multiplying the image’s width and height in

pixels;

� For example;

� 4752 px wide X 3168 px high =

15,054,336 pixels or

15 megapixels

Exposure

What is Exposure?

� In photography, exposure is the amount of

light in your image.

� Exposure can be determined by three key

factors:

� Aperture

� Shutter Speed

� ISO

Role-Reversal

� In small groups, you will get one key term related to

exposure

� Your job is to teach and test the class about these terms

in a creative way:

� Teach: PowerPoint or Prezi

� Test: Kahoot! Game or Socrative Quiz

� And, design a reference sheet regarding your term

Role-Reversal

� Within your lesson, be visual!

� For example;

� Present to the class what the difference between an

image with a low ISO vs. high ISO

Role-Reversal

� Test your classmates’ knowledge of your key exposure

term by including 2-3 questions that are related to that

key term using a game or quiz.

� For example:What are common resolutions in digital

displays?

� You will present your ‘lesson’ and test your class