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Building Resilience to Climate Change and Increase Food Security Through Scaling up Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration. Presentation from Agriculture and Rural Development Day (ARDD) 2011. Learning Event number 11, Session 2, Room C. Presented by Abasse , How the Niger Republic is building resilience of farmers to climate change and increasing food security.
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BUILDING RESILIENCE TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND INCREASE FOOD SECURITY THROUGH SCALING UP FARMER MANAGED NATURAL REGENERATION
• CONTEXT: • A « PERFECT STORM IS BREWING »
• > Temperatures will increase (2-‐3° C?)
Ø Rainfall will become more erraMc
Ø Soil ferMlity is depleMng
Ø Crop yields will decline ( -‐ 20%?)
Ø PopulaMon will double in 20 years
Drought in the 1970s and 1980s …
• SOME CHALLENGES:
• HOW TO REDUCE TEMPERATURES ?
• HOW TO INCREASE THE QUANTITY OF WATER AVAILABLE TO PEOPLE, CROPS AND LIVESTOCK?
• HOW TO FEED A GROWING POPULATION?
Vegetation reduces soil temperatures
Vegetation reduces sand blast and protects crops
Techniques simples
REHABILITATION OF BARREN LAND
1990 Zaï Demi lunes
Impacts importants
Piliostigma reticulatum Combretum glutinosum
2004
Contour stone bunds increase water available to plants and induce rainfall and runoff to infiltrate
In Batodi water levels in wells increased about 14 m in 10 years enabling women to start vegetable garden
Half moons used to rehabilitate degraded land are becoming increasingly popular
REACTIONS IN THE 1980s TO THE CRISIS Niger Story: More People, More TREES 5 MILLION HA
WHERE ARE THE RE-GREENING SUCCESSES?
Farmer-‐managed natural regenera.on in Niger
• 5,000,000 ha re-‐greened in 20 years (only labour for protec.on, investment in extension, no recurrent costs to governments)
• 200 million new trees • addi.onal cereal produc.on/year: 500,000 ton
• 2.5 million people fed • 1.25 million rural households involved
New agroforestry parklands in Zinder (about 1 million ha) dominated by Faidherbia Albida
IMPROVED SOIL FERTILITY AND INCREASE IN FODDER PRODUCTION
What induced farmers to protect and manage on-farm natural regeneration?
Rehabilitated field in 1988 The same field in 2008; this farm family has been food secure since they began rehabilitation
TREES PERMIT LOW COST AGRICULTURAL INTENSIFICATION
LIVESTOCK IS INCREASINGLY CONTROLLED AND DEPENDS SIX MONTHS/YEAR ON TREE
FODDER
THE RURAL POOR SURVIVE ON TREES AND HAVE HIGHER TREE DENSITIES
Impact on biodiversity: this was barren land in 1985
More fodder, more water : reduction in conflicts between herders and farmers
Strong reduction in time required for collection of firewood
New village committees were established to ensure that:
Action plans are developed collectively; • Rules for management of FMNR are shared
and respected by all villagers (+ sanctions enforced in case of non respect)
NEW VILLAGE INSTITUTION FOR TREE
MANAGEMENT
OTHER REASONS FOR THE SUCCESS OF FMNR
• Inclusion of youth in village committee activities • Technical simplicity and cost effectiveness • Replicability • Low cost agricultural intensification • Increased drought resilience • Establishment of wood markets requiring
membership and adherence to community endorsed regulations for wood harvesting
CONCLUSION:
• FARMERS IN PARTS OF THE SAHEL HAVE • ADAPTED TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND HAVE • BUILT MORE COMPLEX AND • DROUGHT-‐RESILIENT FARMING SYSTEMS
• HOW TO SCALE UP EXISTING SUCCESSES?
• HOW TO DEVELOP AGROFORESTRY VALUE • CHAINS?