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How can mitigation funding benefit smallholders’ food security and build climate resilience. Learning Event 8, Session 2, Room A. Agriculture and Rural Development Day.
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Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Kenya Agricultural Carbon Project
(KACP)
Features and lessons learned
By Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Win-Win-Win scenario
In KACP it is evident that mitigation finance provide significant incentives to leverage agricultural investments that generate: 1) productivity
increases, 2) reduction/removal
of greenhouse gases and
3) increased climate resilience.
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Area characteristics ! Western Kenya (Kitale &
Kisumu) ! 3% population growth ! 80% of population are farmers ! 25% of children below 5yrs are
underweight ! Average land size owned is
around 1ha ! 90% of populations use
firewood or charcoal for cooking food every day
! Around 50% of smallholders live on less than 1USD/day
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Implementation status 2011 and key features
! 30field officers providing advisory services
! 20,262 farmers adopting SALM (target 60,000)
! 9,656 hectare under SALM (target 45,000)
! 1,122 groups recruited (target 3,000)
! 598 groups contracted
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
KACP and Climate Smart Agriculture
• For mitigation of land degradation and greenhouse gases
• For adaptation to climate variability - Terraces - Water retention ditches - Residue management - Mulch - Composting - Controlled grazing - Crop rotation - Cover crops - Improved fallows - Nitrogen fixing trees
intercropped
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
KACP – save space and secure food ! >80% smallholders (Farmsize:
0.7 ha in Kisumu; 1.1 ha in Kitale)
! Multi-functionality of agroforestry
• Ecosystem services • Hign productivity • Food security • Sustainability • Resilient landscape
! For every hectare put into agroforestry alternatives, five to ten hectares can be saved (ICRAF).
! Diversification of a farming system is very important in case weather or market is unreliable or if pests attack the products.
! Agroforestry diversifies the timing of production so that farmers do not receive their entire year’s income at one time.
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Holistic approach in KACP
FED
VS&LA SALM
SALM=Sustainable Agricultural and Land use Management FED: Farm Enterprise Development VS&LA: Village Savings and Loan Associations
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Key methodology features: ! Generic and can be scaled up ! Model approach with ac:vity-‐based monitoring ! The model is 4-‐5 cheaper than soil sampling, minimizing transac:on costs and helps farmers to reach their objec:ves ! Long-‐term research in Kenya confirms model applicability ! Non-‐soil modules (using approved CDM AR methodologies for tree carbon) ! Methodology submiLed to Verified Carbon Standard (VCS):
Methodology development
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
KML files
Database
GIS
Farm polygon
KACP – precision in MRV
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
KACP and food security
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2009 2010 2011
Percent of household s experiencing increased food
security due to SALM
KACP shows yields increased by 15 – 30 %
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Trees on agricultural land is increasing
Source: Vi Agroforestry (2011) 0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2009 2010 2011
Avg no of trees on cropland
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban
Conclusion/Recommendations ! KACP show that carbon payments can be well
integrated into projects promoting sustainable agricultural development
! Extension and advisory services prerequisite for successful implementation and needs more attention and funding
! Bottom up and participatory approaches gives best results
! Carbon finance should leverage climate smart agriculture
! Training and capacity building for project entities is essential
! Merge adaptation and mitigation funding ! Combine financing from public and private
sources
Amos Wekesa, Vi Agroforestry COP17, Durban