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LANGUAGE PLANNING: THEORY AND PRACTICES
Evaluation of language planning cases worldwide
What is ‘Language Planning’?
• Arabic & European lang are officially important but african language are normally spoken as first language.
• Indo-European lang rule
• Aboriginal lang are endangered.
Geopolitical facts bearingOn language planning
Countries of Particular Language Planning Interest
Burkina Faso &
Tanzania
African Arab States
Asian Arab States
Asia & the Pacific
EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA
FINLAND SPAIN
A large number of minorities
A large number of minorities
Luxembourg: Francique,
French, German
Luxembourg: Francique,
French, German
Many nation states with
national languages
Many nation states with
national languages
Heterogeneous in linguistics
terms
Heterogeneous in linguistics
termsCanada- French-
language heritage
Canada- French-
language heritageIsrael: successful
resuscitation of a dead language-
Hebrew
Israel: successful resuscitation of a dead language-
Hebrew
FINNISH
SAAMI
SWEDISHSWEDISH
Official language- mother tongue of over 90%
population
Cultivation
Finska sprakbyran
Kotikielen seuraUrban Finnish
SwedesUrban Finnish
Swedes
Rural Finnish Swedes
Rural Finnish Swedes
Isolated, monolingual
Isolated, monolingual
Development of whole Finland, pro-
bilingualism
Development of whole Finland, pro-
bilingualism
Education: 30 schools, lack of teaching materials, Univeristy of
Helsinki and Oulu, Lapland
Saami Consultative Committee Report
Saami Language Act 1992
Indigenous People
ARAGONESE
EXTREMADURAN
ASTURIANFALA
GASCON
CATALAN-VALENCIAN-
BALEAR
BASQUE
GALICIAN
SPANISH
A country in which linguistic minorities have recently acquired considerable rights. Even so, SPANISH is still very
dominant.
GUATEMALA
MAYAN
SPANISH
ARAWAKAN
AYMARA
BOLIVIA
QUECHUA
SPANISH
Largest, autochtonous language
1994: A law stipulating that “intercultural
features” to be included in edu. sytem
University of San Andres: training of
bilingual edu.
Textbook- traditional oral
stories and tales
Bilingual programmes in
primary edu.
OVERALL CONCLUSION AND REFLECTIONS ON SUCCESSFUL LANGUAGE PLANNING
OVERALL CONCLUSION AND REFLECTIONS ON SUCCESSFUL LANGUAGE PLANNING
HOW FAR CAN A LANGUAGE BE PLANNED?
Turning a majority language into a
national language
Supporting linguistic
minorities?
Multilingual societies- all speech communities require
equal rights
Political Will
Taking actions against the threat to the survival
of languages?
Create a social needs for the
languageFormal rightsAttitude, speech
community pride, economic power,
prestige Goals of language planning
To enable ppl to use lang. they want to use
To facilitate communication
at 3 levels
To encourage multilingualism
3 crucial points for successful language planning:1.Recognition at official level2.As medium of instruction in schools3.Have sufficient body of lit, grammar, dictionary
