Language Learning Strategies (Direct Strategies)

MEMORY STRATEGIES

Remember that language learning strategies are…

“Specific actions taken by the learner to makelearning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective, and more transferrable to new situations." (Oxford, 1990, p. 8).

A) DIRECT STRATEGIES I. Memory

oA. Creating mental linkages oB. Applying images and sounds oC. Reviewing well oD. Employing action

II. Cognitive oA. Practicing oB. Receiving and sending messages strategies oC. Analyzing and reasoning oD. Creating structure for input and output

III. Compensation strategies oA. Guessing intelligently oB. Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

B) INDIRECT STRATEGIES

I. Metacognitive Strategies oA. Centering your learning oB. Arranging and planning your learning oC. Evaluating your learning

II. Affective Strategies oA. Lowering your anxiety oB. Encouraging yourself oC. Taking your emotional temperature

III. Social Strategies oA. Asking questions oB. Cooperating with others oC. Empathizing with others

MEMORY STRATEGIES

They arrange very simple principles, such as arranging things in order or making associations. These associations must be personally meaningful to the learner.

Memory strategies allow learners to store vocabulary and then retreive it when needed for communication.

Creating Mental Linkages Grouping

amazing, brilliant, shy, smart, beautiful, tall, short, messy, frightening, scary, great, handsome, outgoing, friendly, hilarious.

Positive Adjectives

Neutral Adjectives

Negative Adjectives

Hello. My name is Julián, and I am a Mexican university student. My days are usually full of activities and obligations, so I don’t have enough time for myself. The university is very far from my house, so I usually have to get up at 6:15 in the morning. At 7:00 I have a very fast breakfast and then I leave home as soon as I can to catch the bus at 7:15. My classes start at 8:00 and finish at 12:50 p.m. I also have classes in the afternoon, but I don’t have lunch at the university. I Have a friend who lives very near the university, so I often have lunch at his house. After that, I go back to the university and start my English classes at 2 p.m. The classes finish at 7 p.m. When I get home, I have tea with my family and then I study or do my homework. I finally go to bed at about 11 p.m. after a long and busy day.

Nouns Verbs Frequency adverbs

Adjectives

Placing new words into context

“Take CARE of your memory, and your memory will take CARE of you”.

CARE stands for: creating mental linkages, associating, reviewing well, employing action.

“TOGETHER, WE GET STRONG.”

STRONG stands for: Self-esteem,Trust, Responsibility, Options, Needs, Goals.

Applying Images and Sounds Using Imagery

friendship – hope – evil – shout – file

Semantic Mapping

Using Key Words Stew

Avocado

Representing Sounds in Memory

7 and 7 went down the line to capture number 49; 8 and 4 made some stew and gave it to 32.

Employing Action Using Physical Response or Sensation

Touch the floor, put your notebook in your backpack, come here, take out a pencil. Put the pencil in your bag.

Laugh, giggle, snap your fingers, take a walk, shout, sneeze.

Using Mechanical Techniques

- Use flashcards (write the word on one side and the definition on the other)

- Devide your notebook into sections

Bibliography

• Oxford, Rebecca. Language Learning Strategies: What every teacher should know, Heinle & Heinle: Boston. 1990