Intro to ergo

INTRODUCTION TO ERGONOMICS

Ms. Roma GandhiDr. BMN College of Home

ScienceNAAC Accredited ‘A’ Grade

CGPA 3.64/4UGC Status: College for Potential of Excellence

HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS

The study of ergonomics dates back from the beginning of the century when:

Mr. F.W. Taylor – a mechanical engineer – design of shovels – in order to improve productivity – no ergonomicapproach but vague ideas about Ergonomics. Known as the “Father of Ergonomics”.

In 1910, Gilberth and his wife (psychologist) carried out Systematic observations of work and time and motion and they are regarded as “Parents of Ergonomics”

HISTORY OF ERGONOMICS ctd…

First World War – interest in the human aspect of production of ammunitions and concomitant heat stressInefficient rest pausesExcessive duration of workResulting fatigue

GREATLY AFFECTED THE PRODUCTION


These observations and experimentations that followed brought about the creation of what was first known as Industrial Fatigue Research Board (I.F.R.B.), but which later changed to Industrial Health Research Board (I.H.R.B.).


Along with I.H.R.B. The National Institute of Industrial Psychology (N.I.I.P.) was established whose main objective was to try and find ways and means of fitting the man to the work by personal selective training, the aim of this development were augmentedby the Time and Motion study.


During Second World War – highly advanced equipment designed – proved difficult to operate in the field – designing engineer had to put himself in the shoes of the man to operate – laboratory experiments had to be carried out – decided and found that the engineer, physiologist and psychologists must collaborate.


Ergonomics Research Society was created in Britain in 1950’s, a voluntary body.

Specific Ergonomic units in industries and private companies in USA were applying Ergonomics in military and outer space operations.


1960’s saw a steady growth of study of Ergonomics and consequently the specialisation in various branches.

Formal education programmes started, creation of Applied Physiology and psychology and the birth of INTERNATIONAL ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION


From the Development of Ergonomics have emerged:The rapid rate of development of Industrial Technologies for the known man’s jobs and tasks and consequently man’s capabilities.A trend from the Physical to the Mental determination


A general trend of the Scientific Evidence about man’s capabilities

An involvement of the Principles of FMJ (fitting the man to the job) and FJM (Fitting the job to the man)

An attitude, at least for the present, of more research in the application of Ergonomics.

DEFINITION OF ERGONOMICS

The term ERGONOMICS is derived from Greek word Ergon:work; Nomos: natural. It is a science dealing with the MAN – MACHINE – ENVIRONMENT relationship to get the optimum output from the MME system with less human cost.


ERGONOMICS is the scientific study of man in relation to his environment, primarily aiming at increasing efficiency and productivity with emphasis on promotion of health and well – being of “man at work”.


ERGONOMICS has been defined by ILO as the “application of human biological sciences in conjunction with engineering science to the worker and his working environment, so as to obtain maximum satisfaction for worker while at the same time enhance productivity”.

AIM OF ERGONOMICS To provide more comfort

To increase efficiency and productivity

MAN MACHINE ENVIRONMENT

SYSYTEMUSER(MAN) PRODUCT

(MACHINE)

ENVIRONMENT

DISICPLINES CONTRIBUTING TO ERGONOMICS

MAN

PHYSIOLOGY

ANTHRO-POMETRY

BIO MECHANICS

PHYSICS

GENERALENGINEERING

PSYCHOL-OGY

PHYSIOLOGYUnderstanding how the physical aspects of the human respond to the work environment.

ANTHROPOMETRYThe empirical science that attempts to define reliable physical measure of a person’s size, form and capabilities for anthropological comparison.

BIOMECHANICSIn humans, biomechanics often refers to the study of how the skeletal and musculature systems work under different conditions.

PHYSICSUsing laws of science and engineering concepts to describe motion undergone by the various body segments and the forces acting on these body parts during normal daily activities and job tasks.

GENERAL ENGINEERINGDeveloping appropriate tools, facilities and equipment design to help reduce ergonomic problems that generally occur.

PSYCHOLOGYThe scientific study of human mind and its functions, especially those affecting behaviour in a given environment.

ANTHROPOMETRYAnthropometry is the branch of the human sciences that deals with the body measurements : particularly with measurements of body size, shape, strength and working capacity.

BODY MEASUREMENTSThere are 2 types of body measurements:1.STATIC2.DYNAMICStatic measurements are taken when the body is in a fixed positionDynamic measurements are taken when the body is engaged in some physical activity

PRINCIPLES OF ANTHROPOMETRIC

DATAWhen any equipment, tools or workspace is to be designed or redesigned, some selected anthropometric measurements of operators are taken.1.MINIMUM2.MAXIMUM3.ADJUSTABLE

USE OF PERCENTILES IN ANTHROPOMETRY

A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations fall. For example, the 20th percentile is the value (or score) below which 20% of the observations may be found.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistics

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percentage

5TH & 95TH PERCENTILE

THANK YOU!!!

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Intro to ergo