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22 – 23 November 201622 – 23 November 2016
Pulses in Indigenous Food SystemsPulses in Indigenous Food Systems
Yon Fernandez-de-Larrinoa, Yon Fernandez-de-Larrinoa, FAO Indigenous Peoples Team, OPCA FAO Indigenous Peoples Team, OPCA
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Indigenous Food Systems and Pulses
CONTENTCONTENT1.1. Our PlanetOur Planet’’s challengess challenges
2.2.Indigenous Peoples TodayIndigenous Peoples Todayo Who? Where?Who? Where?o Problems they faceProblems they faceo How can Indigenous peoples contribute?How can Indigenous peoples contribute?
3.3. Indigenous Food systemsIndigenous Food systems4.4.Pulses & Indigenous Food SystemsPulses & Indigenous Food Systems
5.5. Some RecommendationsSome Recommendations
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Our Planet’s Challenges• Still almost 800 million food insecureStill almost 800 million food insecure• Demographic growth aprox. 9-10 billion Demographic growth aprox. 9-10 billion
humans by 2050humans by 2050• Ageing of population as longevity increases Ageing of population as longevity increases • 60-70% will live in Megacities 60-70% will live in Megacities (today 28 megacities 453 million people)(today 28 megacities 453 million people)• Increased Urban Food demandIncreased Urban Food demand• Double burden of malnutrition: deficiency + Double burden of malnutrition: deficiency +
obesityobesity• Climate change: between 1 - 2 degrees Climate change: between 1 - 2 degrees
increase?increase?• Food Security? Disaster Preparedness? Climate Food Security? Disaster Preparedness? Climate
Change? Displacement? Biodiversity? Land Change? Displacement? Biodiversity? Land degradation?degradation?
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Food systems.
• 7,000 plant species used as food in the world, BUT 150 species are considered commercial;
• 103 species provide 90% of food we eat;
• 3 species (wheat, rice and maize) produce 56% of all the calories consumed by humans
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Indigenous Peoples Today
• Over 370 million Indigenous peoples, 70% in Asia and Pacific (estimates increasing)• Belonging to 5000 peoples
in 90 countries• Speaking 4000 out of the
7000 existing languages• 5% of the population but
15% of the poor
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WHERE?
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INDIGENOUS FOOD SYSTEMS
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Indigenous Food Systems
• Food obtained from strategies: Harvesting; gathering; hunting; fishing
• Mobile and nomadic food systems• Area for food: Communal areas
(forest, lakes) • Conservation of mother earth: yield vs
conservation• Food generating unit: community vs
family• Reciprocity system: seeds + work• Low monetization & low market access
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Indigenous Food Systems
Natural resources and biodiversity
3 pillars interlinked in Indigenous Food Systems
Language and culture
Health and nutrition
Indigenous Food Systems
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Medicine
Adaptation to climate change
Harvesting, hunting, fishing, gathering
Diversification of crops & foods
Solidarity mechanisms
Social identity
Spirituality
Culture & Traditions
Traditional knowledge
Maintenance of biodiversityResilient ecosystems
Energy managementHolistic
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• Hundreds of food items not in “mainstream food distribution”
• Indigenous traditional knowledge & climate change adaptation
• Custodians of 80% remaining biodiversity “the mother “the mother laboratory”laboratory”
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PULSES & INDIGENOUS FOOD SYSTEMS
• Pulses multipurpose (protein, fencing, fire)
• Adapted to forest planting• Byproducts = product (everything
useful)• 3 EXAMPLES of pulses in indigenous food
systems:
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Pulses & Indigenous Food Systems
• Intercrop & Mixed cropping: Milpa • Shifting cultivation in forests
• Fencing & animal feeding
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SHIFTING CULTIVATION
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Fencing, Protein, Firewood
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The Pulse potential
• Research together with indigenous peoples
• Guarantee their rights and royalties over knowledge
• Support indigenous peoples cooperatives for market access
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Some Recommendations
• Rights and access to Land, Territories and Natural Resources guaranteed
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Some Recommendations
• New Research on Shifting cultivation
• Support to indigenous seed systems
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THANKS! Yon Fernandez-de-LarrinoaFAO Indigenous Peoples Team [email protected]
http://www.fao.org/indigenous-peoples/en/
