ADVACACY FOR THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT WITH THE HELP OF

SHP

Ray of hope…

Amalkrishna.K.LDisaster Management DivisionKrishna.ses1121@gmail.com

Introduction

Present globalised and consumerised world need sustainable development mechanism for the better tomorrow, without sustainable development we can`t stand here. Every part of the life need sustainability. For the energy sustainability SHPs are the good and viable option for better tomorrow. This Small Hydro Projects can make a big difference in many lives

Energy…Energy plays a pervasive and critically important role in the socio-economy and development of a country.

• The Sun provides energy that can be captured in the form of solar power, wind power and hydro-power.

• However, there is a need for more R&D for development of efficient technologies, and the public awareness of the use of renewable energy resources.

Energy policy of India

• Today, India has one of the highest potentials for the effective use of renewable energy. India is the world’s fifth largest producer of wind power after Denmark, Germany, Spain, and the USA.

• The country has an estimated small-hydro power potential of about 15000 MW.

Now our installed capacity is about 1,45000MW. According to the 11th plan we have to increase our energy capacity to 22,0000MW. By 2010. But current situation shows we are no where near the target. If the situation continuous we will not become developed nation…

How we can achieve this?

We have… 1.Bio-Fuels 2.Wind power 3.Oil 4.Nuclear power 5.Solar Energy…

Here we can see the importance of DAMs…

What is a DAM…?

Water is the vital

resource to support

all forms of life on the earth. Throughout the history of the world, dams and reservoirs have been used successfully in collecting ,

storing and managing water

needed to sustain civilization.

Is it DAM is harmful to human and environment ? While dams provide benefits to our society, their impacts on the surrounding

also to be address…

· Resettlement and relocation

· Socioeconomic impacts

· Environmental concerns

· Sedimentation issues

· Safety aspects However, these concerns and impacts can be reduced or eliminated by

careful planning, and the incorporation of a variety of mitigation measures.

Significant issues…!

There are three interconnected specific issues that have had particular significance in dam projects, and which need to be dealt with differently in future developments. They are resettlement of displaced people and related socio-economic issues; changesto existing fisheries and local resource uses; and effects on ecosystems.

SAFETY ASPECTS

• To ensure the continued and dependable delivery of benefits from a dam, the owner must have a comprehensive plan for operation, maintenance and rehabilitation. As dams become older, safe performance becomes a concern. This requires more attention in the form of inspections, evaluations, modifications and upgrading

of the older dams so they meet current technology, statutes and regulations

Learning the lessons from previous dam projects is mandatory before similar new initiatives are undertaken…

Dam safety activities include monitoring structural performance, developing emergency action plans, training of dam operators, exercises involving the local officials and population and implementing risk reduction actions.

‘DAM and development…”Our vision and mission• Vision

The development and management of water and energy resources address the full range of options and are attained through institutionalized participatory and transparent decision-making processes to achieve sustainable outcomes that benefit all.

 • Mission

Promote improved decision-making, planning and management of dams and their alternatives ,core values and strategic priorities and other relevant reference materials through promoting multi stakeholder dialogue at national, regional and global levels and producing non-prescriptive tools to help decision-makers.

Why DAMs are important ?

Dams are usually built for one or more engineering and socio economic purposes…

• To generate electricity for domestic and industrial uses, and/or for export to obtain income from foreign sources.

• To store water for irrigation of farmland to improve crop yields and increase the security of food supply.

• To hold back water during times of high river flow to prevent flooding downstream and for release during low-flow periods.

Importance…• Rural electrification and development Job creation

during dam construction and in subsequent industrial and community development

• Expansion of social services and improved infrastructure in the region served by the dam, for example schools,

hospitals, roads• Fishing• Recreational potential of reservoirs.

SOME SOLUTIONS FOR THE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF DAMS

• Large hydroelectric dams are among the most controversial of all types of development projects. They have been the focus of much criticism of the World Bank and other international financing agencies.

In this context don’t think all are alike…’’• 500–megawatt Pehuenche Hydroelectric Project in Chile

flooded only about 400 hectares of land. By contrast, the Brokopondo Dam in Suriname inundated

about 160,000 hectares of biologically valuable tropical rainforest and is known for serious water quality and aquatic weed problems, while providing relatively little electric generating capacity (only 30 MW).

SOLUTIONS…• Early in a project, at the

concept stage, before site

selection or engineering

plans have been determined, governments, dam proponents, and planners need to actively involve all constituents whose lives and rights may be significantly affected by the proposed dam development.

• Stakeholders who may bear the risks of a development are entitled to be consulted on whether and how the project should proceed.

SOLUTIONS…• In this way, ideas that are flawed can be eliminated before commitments are made, and the best option can be negotiated with justice and fairness for those who will bear many of the risks and costs.• Learning the lessons from previous dam projects is

mandatory before similar new initiatives are undertaken. `These are something that we can taken care

for the continuous delivery of results that we need…”

Sustainable Development…!

Sustainable development has been defined as meets the needs of present without compromising the ability of the future generation.

WE ARE ON THE WAY TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT...

• India`s sustainable work towards reducing greenhouse gases will ensure that the country`s per capita emission GHGs will continue to be low until 2030-31 and it is estimated that the per capita emission in 2031st will be lower than per capital global emission of GHG in 2005.

Sustainable development in India encompasses a variety of development schemes in social, cleantech an human resource segment.

The global trend towards sustainable development thrust upon cleantech-clean energy ,clean water and sustainable agriculture. Which we can achieve through SHP project especially in Indian context.

Small Hydro Power… SHP is the development of hydroelectric power on the scale

serving a small community or industry with less coast and minimum impact.

The definition of SHP varies but generating capacity is up to 10MW-30MW.

The small hydro can be sub divided in to mini hydro and micro hydro

Mini -1000KW

Micro-100KW

‘SHP’’-The hope of future

Benefits from Hydropower

• Hydro power is a clean, domestic and

renewable source of energy.

• It does not produce greenhouse gases or other air pollution.

• Hydropower leaves no waste.

• One time capitalization is required for set up of a Hydro Power station.

• Like other fuel energy like fossil fuel, Water is not destroyed during the production of electricity – it can be reused for other purposes.

India`s Hydropower Potential

Cost factor in Hydropower

SMALL HYRO POWER IN INDIA

Hydro power is the largest renewable energy source being used for the generation of electricity. In India, hydro power projects with a sustain capacity of up to 25MW each fall under the category of Small Hydro Power(SHP)

India has estimated SHP potential of about 15,000MW, of which about 11% has been tapped so far. The aim is to install 2% additional power generation capacity from SHP during the 11th plan periods.

SMALL HYDRO POTENTIAL IN INDIA

Classifications Classifications of Micro, Mini & SHP in India • Upto 100KW – Micro Hydro Power • 101Kw to 2000Kw – Mini Hydro Power • 2001Kw to 25000Kw – Small Hydro Power

SHP Potential of India

• Potential - 15,000MW.

• Identified Potential - 11,356MW (4554 sites).

• Installed Capacity - 1975MW (602 projects).

• Under Implementation - 649MW (219 projects)

STATE WISE IDENTIFIED SMALL HYDREL SITES AND POTENTIAL

UP TO 25 MW CAPACITY  (as on 31.3.2009)

S.No Name of State IDENTIFIED NUMBER OF SITES

Total Capacity(in MW)

1 Andhra Pradesh489 552.29

2 Arunachal Pradesh566 1333.04

3 Assam 60 213.84

4 Bihar 94 213.75

5 Chhatisgarh164 706.62

6 Goa 9 9.10

7 Gujarat292 196.97

8 Haryana 33 110.05

9 Himachal Pradesh547 2268.41

10 Jammu & Kashmir246 1411.72

11 Jharkhand103 208.95

12 Karnataka128 643.16

13 Kerala 247 708.1014 Madhya Pradesh 99 400.58

mnre.gov.in/prog-smallhydro.htm

15 Maharashtra253 762.58

16 Manipur113 109.10

17 Meghalaya102 229.81

18 Mizoram 75 166.94

19 Nagaland 99 196.98

20 Orissa222 295.47

21 Punjab234 390.02

22 Rajasthan 67 63.17

23 Sikkim 91 265.54

24 Tamil Nadu176 499.31

25 Tripura 13 46.86

26 Uttar Pradesh 220 292.16

27 Uttaranchal

458 1609.2528 West Bengal

203 393.7929 A&N Island

12 7.91 TOTAL

5,415 14,305.47

Small Hydro Power Program

•The Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES) supports

•SHP project development throughout the country. So far, 523 SHP projects with an aggregate installed capacity of 1705 MW have been installed. Besides these, 205 SHP projects with an aggregate capacity of 479 MW are under implementation.

•With a capacity addition, on an average, of 100 MW per year and gradual decrease in gestation periods and capital costs, the SHP sector is becoming increasingly competitive with other alternatives.

SALE OF ELECTRICITY AND FINANCING

• Fifteen states have announced policies to attract private sector entrepreneurs to set up SHP projects. The state electricity regulatory commissions are now determining tariffs by taking into account the submissions of all stakeholders including the developers and the MNES.

• For commercial projects, these states have offered sites with a total potential of over2300 MW.

• A number of leading financial institutions and banks –including Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency (IREDA), Power Finance Corporation, Rural Electrification Corporation, IDBI,IL&FC, and commercial banks – have started financing SHP projects.

Recent trends

• More emphasis on Irrigation canal based small hydro projects (Orissa, A.P)

• Investment seen from private sector in grid connected run off river projects

( Uttaranchal, H.P)• More no of stand alone systems for rural

electrification being implemented

Recent trends…

• Improvements in Turbine designs for all small hydro technologies

• Packaged plant developmentsSource: MNES, AHEC, Roorkee

R&D Trends…

• Design of Pico turbines (500W range) • Design of battery chargers from small hydro power• Increase in efficiency Electronic Load Controller for

micro hydro• Cost reductions in E&M• Usage of composites for components• Use of COANDA system to improve overall small hydro

system efficiency Source: AHEC Roorkee

Hydropower is the leading source of renewable energy. It provides more than 97% of all electricity generated by renewable sources. Other sources including solar, geothermal, wind and biomass account for less than 3% of renewable electricity production.

It is the time to re-think how to manage freshwater

resources is one of the greatest challenges facing the world in the new century. Shape the future projects to the sustainable development

Dams are one of the greatest inventions of mankind. It won't be wrong to say that many of the countries' economies and sustainability depends on the dams in those countries. Dams are very important as they not only are a source of water but also save people from flooding and the most important thing is that they provide us with a very cheap source of producing energy…

References• K.R.Saxena, V.M.Sharma, 2005, Dams Incidents and Accidents,Tylor and

Francis publications,190-209.• CHRONICLE,ISBN NO-0971-4073 VOL XX NO.9,may 2010,134-144• www.riverkeepers.org• Benefits and concerns about Dams,International commission on Large

Dams.• http;//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India • http;//Indianews.com/2006-06/10698-kalam—attend-jatropa-plants-

conservation.htm.Retrived 2006-07-08

When 85 millions of electricity consumers switch off a 60 watts bulb in peak load time , then we can save 360 mega watts of electricity. if a 450 mega watts of electricity is produced then only consumer get 350 mega watts electricity , cost of production of 1 mega electric watts is nearly in 8 Crore Indian rupees . So if you switch of one bulb in peak time you can save a 3600 Crore rupees

Thank you…