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Increasing the share of renewable energy in the global energy
mix
Atle Harby, SINTEF Energy Research
Centre for environmental design of renewable energy
http://www.nina.no/http://www.sintef.no/default.aspx?id=114http://www.ntnu.no/http://uni.no/http://www.niva.no/http://www.nhm.uio.no/
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Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern
energy for all
The role of hydropower
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Energy-water-food nexus- development versus environment?
• Energy is vital for eradicating poverty, 2,5 billion without
reliable access to electricity
• 2,8 billion live in areas with high water stress
• Use of resources, degradation of habitats, pollution and
emissions
• Water for food production
• Climate change impacts on draughts, floods, water for energy
and food
More reservoirs and potential impacts on rivers and lakes
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Sources of Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions
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Why talk abouthydropower?
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Modern hydropower plant- inside the mountain
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Hydrological circle
Powered by the sun
About 50 % of solar energy used to drive the hydro circle
Hydropower= solar power
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Hydropower is themost importantrenewable today
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Hydropower– Resource base
Abundance of water, high head, large natural reservoirs
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China, USA, Russia, Canada, Brazil, India, Norway
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Small scalehydropower for rural electricity
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Hydropower and Climate Change – A Global view
Source: Hamududu & Killingtveit, NTNU (2012)
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Hydropower Potential – A Global overview (IPCC-SRREN)
Worldwide technical potential for hydropower
generation: ca 14 576 TWh
Today ca 3 975 TWh is developed (27%)
Estimate of total capacity potential: 3 721 GW;
Today (2015) 1 211 GW is developed (33%)
Pro
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NU
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DR
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Hydropower development
Increase capacity in exisiting reservoir hydro
Retrofit non-hydrodams
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Constructing habitats
Adapting downstream flow
Increasing powerproduction
Build the right reservoir in the right place the right way
Operate the hydropower the right way
Environmental design
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Need to keep some undisturbed nature
Perfect for hydropower
from Lars Haltbrekken
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Hydro
Hydropower – supportingother renewables
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Wind + Solar energy in Germany week 12 2014Capacity ~30 000 MW
Wind + 30 000 MW PV
24/3 2014 at 20.00
550 MW in production
59450 MW unused
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Source: JRC Emirhes data base
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0,00
10000,00
20000,00
30000,00
40000,00
50000,00
60000,00
70000,00
80000,00
90000,00
1
184
367
550
733
916
1099
1282
1465
1648
1831
2014
2197
2380
2563
2746
2929
3112
3295
3478
3661
3844
4027
4210
4393
4576
4759
4942
5125
5308
5491
5674
5857
6040
6223
6406
6589
6772
6955
7138
7321
7504
7687
7870
8053
8236
8419
8602
Simulated wind production in the North Sea area in 2030 – 95 000
MW installed capacity
one year
80 000 MW
-
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1
35
69
103
137
171
205
239
273
307
341
375
409
443
477
511
545
579
613
647
681
715
749
783
817
851
885
919
953
987
1021
1055
1089
1123
1157
1191
1225
1259
1293
1327
1361
1395
1429
1463
1497
1531
1565
1599
1633
1667
1701
1735
1769
1803
1837
1871
1905
1939
1973
2007
2041
2075
2109
2143
2177
7 x 24 h
7 x 24 h
7 x 24 h
-3
0 0
00
MW
+3
0 0
00
MW
Wind Power North-Sea Region - Jan – March
One week balancing means
Ca 30 000 MW in 168h
5 000 GWh energy storage
Same as 1 000 typical pumped
storage plants
Same as 714 million Tesla
Powerwall Home Battery
(Wind data 2001)
80 000 MW
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Norwegian hydropower
Currently: 32 GW130 TWh/year
Hundreds of large reservoirs
20 reservoirs with more than 100 Mm3
20 GW of extra capacity possible
~15 TWh always availble storage
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Tyin
Holen
Tonstad
Hol
Jøsenf jorden
Tinnsjø
Nore
Mauranger/Oksla/Tysso
Kvilldal
Lysebotn
Sima
Aurland
CEDREN Case study 203020 000 MW
possible
Shetland
Orknøyene
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Reservoirs
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16:00
16:15
Flood protection
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Drought mitigation
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Irrigation and water supply
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Owens Lake, California
Challenges
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Combination of renewables
Source: IHA
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Hydropower and reservoirs are needed
