•In India the Guru or the teacher is held in high esteem. •Indeed, there is an understanding that if the devotee were presented with the guru and God, first he would pay respect to the guru, since the guru had been instrumental in leading him to God.

In compiling the vedic mantras, VED VYASA edited them into four books, the Rig-Veda, the Yajur-Veda, the Sama-Veda, and the Atharva-Veda.

The Vedas are a large body of texts originating in ancient India. Composed in Vedic Sanskrit, the texts constitutes the oldest layer of Sanskrit literature and the oldest scriptures of Hinduism.

•Scholars have determined that the Rig Veda, the oldest of the four Vedas, was composed about 1500 B.C.

Gurukul was a type of school in India, residential in nature, with pupils living in proximity to the guru. In a gurukul, students resided together as equals, irrespective of their social standing, learnt from the guru and helped the guru in his day-to-day life.At the end of his studies, the pupil offered dakshina (fees) to the guru. The gurudakshina is a traditional gesture of acknowledgment, respect and thanks.

Nālandā is the name of an ancient university in Bihar, Indiaand was a Buddhist center of learning from 427 CE to 1197 CE. It has been called "one of the first great universities in recorded history.

There were universities like Taxila, Ujjain, Kanchi etc. for medicine and learning including mathematics and astronomy.

Education of Indians had become a topic of interest among East India Company offic ials . The pol icy’s goal was • to advance knowledge of Indians

and• to employ that knowledge in the

East India Company

• Since English was increasingly being employed as the language of instruction, during 1852–1853 petit ions were sent to the Brit ish Parl iament in support of both establishing and adequately funding university education in India which resulted in the Education Dispatch of July 1854 which helped in shaping the education system of India.

• Established a Department of Public Instruction in each province of Brit ish India.

• Established teacher-training schools for al l levels of instruction.

• Increased the number of Government col leges ,vernacular schools and high-schools .

• The Department of Public Instruction was in place by 1855. By 1857 a number of universit ies were established modeled on the University of London.

Educational reforms in the early 20 th century led towards the nationalisation of many universit ies .

GRANT MEDICAL COLLEGE,1844

• Rabindranath started an open-air school known as the Patha Bhavan at Shantiniketan that gradually developed into an international university named Visva Bharati where the cultures of the East and the West met in common fellowship and thereby strengthening the fundamental condition of world peace.

PATHA BHAVAN, the school of his ideals , whose central premise was that learning in a natural environment would be more enjoyable and fruitful .

•The main attractions of Shantiniketan include the various buildings of the Visva-Bharati campus.

Chinese faculty,Col lege of Arts and Crafts , Patha Bhavan (the school ) , School of Dance and Music and the prayer hal l .

• Some of the famous students of Visva-Bharati include India 's former Prime Mister the Ms Indira Gandhi ,world famous f i lm director Mr.Satyajit Ray and Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen.

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•Following independence in 1947, MAULANA AZAD, India 's f irst education minister recommended strong central government control over education throughout the country, with a uniform educational system.

The Indian government lays great emphasis to primary education up to the age of fourteen years (referred to as Elementary Education in India.) The Indian government has also banned child labour in order to ensure that the children do not enter unsafe working conditions.

Education has also been made free for children for six to 16 years of age.

The District Primary Education Programme (DPEP) was launched in 1994 with an aim to universalize primary education in India by reforming and vitalizing the existing primary education system

• The Mid-day Meal Scheme is the popular name for school meal programme in India. It involves provision of lunch free of cost to school-children on all working days with an objective to:

• increase school enrolment and attendance, improve socialisation among children belonging to all castes and addressing malnutrition.

The current scheme for universalization of Education for All is the SARVA SHIKSHA ABHIYAN which is one of the largest education initiatives in the world.

RIGHT TO EDUCATION

Every child between the ages of 6 to 14 years has the r ight to free and compulsory education. The government schools shal l provide free education to al l the chi ldren. Private schools shall admit at least 25% of the chi ldren in their schools without any fee.

2.1

In our national perception, Education2.2

refines sensitivities and perceptions that contribute to national cohesion, a scientific temper and independence of mind and spirit - thus furthering the goals of socialism, secularism and democracy enshrined in our Constitution.

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2.4

. The government is committed to providing education through mainstream schools for children with disabilities.

The need for inclusive education arises precisely because it is now well understood that most children with disabilities can, with motivation and effort on the part of teaching institutions, become an integral part of those institutions

There is a common educational structure(10+2+3) followed all over the country.

School education10+2

Pre primary (FOR 1 YEAR)Primary (GRADE 1-5)

Middle (GRADE 6-8) Secondary (GRADE 9-10) Senior Secondary (GRADE11-12)

Signif icant feature of India 's secondary school system is the emphasis on inclusion of the disadvantaged sections of the society. Another feature of India 's secondary school system is its emphasis on profess ion based vocational training to help students attain ski l ls for f inding a vocation of his/her choosing.

The Secondary education is supported by the fol lowing organisations under the administrative control of the Union Department of Education:

Some of the institutes are:- •National Council of Educational

Research and Training (NCERT) •Central Board of Secondary

Education (CBSE) •National Institute of Open

Schooling (NIOS)

The National Policy on Education (NPE), 1986, has provided for environment awareness , science and technology education, and introduction of tradit ional elements such as yoga into the Indian secondary school system

The CBSE was set up by a special resolution of the Government of India in 1929 at Ajmer  with a view to play a useful role in the field of Secondary Education and to raise its standard.

. The Main functions of the board are: to conduct Class X and XII examinations and grant certificates, to prescribe courses of instructions, prescribe conditions for examinations, and to affiliate institutions for the purpose of examinations. The CBSE also conducts all India entrance examinations at the under graduate level for pre-medical/pre-dental, engineering and architecture courses.

The CBSE has constantly been engaged in process of curr iculum design, in-service teacher empowerment programmes and development of textual material .

CBSE has introducedCONTINUOUS AND COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION (CCE) at the secondary level.

The scheme of CCE discourages mechanical testing. It envisages employment of variety of tools and techniques for assessment in informal and formal settings which are more interesting, relevant and meaningful and involve learners for greater participation and learning.

It is a system of school based assessment that covers al l aspects of student’s development. It emphasizes two fold object ives. Continuity in evaluation and assessment of broad based learning. CCE will cover the scholastic and co scholastic areas of school education.

The NCERT was established in 1961. It functions as a resource centre in the field of school education and teacher education. Publication of school textbooks and other educational material like teachers’ guides/manuals etc. are its major functions.

NCERT is an autonomous body ful ly funded by the Ministry of Human Resource and Development (MHRD)

It aims at making environmental education an integral part of curriculum in school education.

India's higher education system is the third largest in the world, after China and the United States.

Creating a country imbued with a sc ientif ic culture was Jawaharlal Nehru's aim. One such init iative was the All-India Institute of Medical Sciences as an institution of national importance by an Act of Parl iament and has set the pace for medical education and research in Southeast Asia .

Some institutions of India, such as the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), have been globally acclaimed for their standard of education. The IITs enroll about 8000 students annually and the alumni have contributed to both the growth of the private sector and the public sectors of India.

Higher education in India has evolved in divergent streams with each stream monitored by an apex body(UNIVERSITY GRANTS COMMISION- organisation set up by Union government in 1956, for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education )indirectly controlled by the Ministry of Human Resource Development. Most universities are administered by the States, but there are 18 important universities called Central Universities, which are maintained by the Union Government.

The National Law School of India University is highly regarded, with its students being awarded Rhodes Scholarships to Oxford University, and the All India Institute of Medical Sciences is consistently rated the top medical school in the country . Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs) are the top management institutes in India .

Delhi Chief Minister Ms.Sheila Dikshit launched the ‘Ladli’. Under the scheme, the state government intends to deposit Rs.100,000 in the account of every girl child (belonging to a particular income group) by the time she attains the age of 18. As per the scheme, the government will deposit Rs.10,000 in the name of a girl child at the time of her birth and Rs.5,000 each at the time of admission to Class I, VI, IX, X and XII to encourage her education.

•Vocational education is imparted through Industr ial Training Institutes (ITIs) and polytechnics .

•India which has always been a centre for the textile and garment trade. Now the fashion industry has become so specialized that it encompasses a vast field of studies in design, concept management, design production management, quality control, planning, fabric design, printing, fashion accessory design, fashion merchandising, textile science, colour mixing, marketing and so on.

National Institute of Fashion Technology was set up in 1986 under the aegis of the Ministry of Textiles, Government of India. It has emerged as the premier Institute of Design, Management and Technology, developing professionals for taking up leadership positions in fashion business in the emerging global scenario.

MATHS LABS ARE A PART OF THE INFRASTRUCTURE ALONG WITHPHYSICS,CHEMISTRY,BIOLOGY,PSYCHOLOGY,HOME SCIENCE AND COMPUTERS.

THEATRE,SINGING,DANCING,POETRY WRITING AND RECITATION ARE A FEW CO CURRICUAR ACTIVITIES WHICH ENHANCE THE PERSONALITY OF THE LEARNERS.

VARIOUS CLUBS AND SOCIETIES IN SCHOOL ENGAGE THE STUDENTS INSOCIAL SERVICE, TREE PLANTATION ,CLEANING OF NEIGHBOURHOODAND SPREADING AWARENESS REGARDING VARIOUS ISSUES.

The online projects encourage our students to collaborate ,cooperate and communicate with the students all over the world. This use of cyber space has led to the globalisation of education.

We give them roots, we give them wings

And great joys from, l ittle things,A hope that they wil l soar , A hope that they wil l try, We are sure that one day ,

Our children wil l learn to fly.

PREPARED BY St.Mark’s Sr. Sec. Public school,Meera Bagh, New delhi